p 

i _ 



rm^^. 



Library of Congress 



w. 



^i 




h/^UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.r\^i 

i^^ 9—167 ^'^ 



May 17. 1714 Att a Town Meeting Legally Warned. 

Voted, In that upon deliberation the Inhabitants de- 
clined sending a Representative upon the Acc't of their 
building a Meeting House and the great charges thereof 
for such a Poor Little Town, We, the Inhabitants, do 
desire and pray this Hon'd. House would excuse us this 
year Town Records, Page loi. 



Books by mr. Bolton. 

For sale by C. A. W. Spencer, Brookline, Mass., and 
by their publishers. 



On the Wooing of Martha Pitkin, being a versified 
narrative of the time of the regicides in colonial 
New England. Third Edition. Small 8°, 
eighteenth century binding, 75 c. Published by 
Copeland and Day, 69 Cornhill, Boston. 
An historical romance of early days in Connecticut. 

The Love -Story of Ursula Wolcott, a tale in verse of 
the time of the " great revival " in New England, 
First THOUSAND. Small 4", hand made paper, 
deckled edges, with illustrations and cover design 
by Miss Ethel Reed. $1.00. Published by Lam- 
son, Wolffe & Co., 6 Beacon Street, Boston. 
Ursula Wolcott was the granddaughter of Martha 

Pitkin. 

Saskia the wife oi Rembrandt. Fifteen illustrations 

from Rembrandt's portraits, and from scenes in 

Amsterdam. 8°, bound in cloth. I1.50. Published 

by T.Y. Crowell & Co., 100 Purchase Street, Boston. 

A picture of the home life of Rembrandt in the quaint 

Dutch city of Amsterdam during the years when it led 

the world in discovery, commerce, and art. 

The librarian's duty as a citizen. Pamphlet. By 
mail, IOC. 

What the small town may do for Itself. Pamphlet. 
By mail, 25 c. 

Brookline : The history of a favored town. 750 copies 
printed. Illustrated. ^2.00. Published by C. A. W. 
Spencer, Harvard Square, Brookline. 



BROOKLINE ^ 

THE HISTORY OF A FAVORED TOWN 



BY 

CHARLES KNOWLES ^OLTON 
Librarian of the Public Library 



ILLUSTRATED 



.iSl^ 



5S^» 



®ui non proficit 



BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS 
PUBLISHED BY C. A. W. SPENCER 

1897 u^ 



0638 







PREFACE. 

As an important residence district in one 
of the oldest, wealthiest, and largest centers of 
population of the United States, Brookline must 
always have a certain claim to distinction, much 
like that of Belgravia in London. As a small 
town, nearly surrounded by a great municipality, 
yet maintaining through the loyalty of its citi- 
zens a corporate existence, Brookline has a 
further claim to consideration. Never were the 
affairs of a town, spending nearly a million 
dollars a year, more quietly nor more ably 
administered. 

There has been heretofore no chronological, 
illustrated history of Brookline in the hands of 
the people. The present little book has grown 
from materials collected during the preparation 
of a paper, which was read before the Hannah 
Goddard chapter of the Daughters of the 
American Revolution, the First Parish club, the 
All Saints Parish club, and the Isaac Gardner 
chapter of the Daughters of the Revolution, 



4 PREFACE. 

during the winter of 1896-97. It has been 
thought best not to refer constantly to authori- 
ties ; but to the works of Rev. John Pierce, Alfred 
D. Chandler, Esq., Bradford Kingman, Esq., 
Mr. B. F. Baker, and particularly Miss Harriet 
F. Woods every student of town history must 
turn. To these, to the writers of the invaluable 
essays printed by the Brookline Historical 
Publication Society, and to Dr. Augustine 
Shurtleff, Mr. Daniel S. Sanford, Mr. C. A. W. 
Spencer, Miss Emma G. Cummings, Mr. Regi- 
nald Heber Howe, Jr., Mr. Hector Hughes, 
Miss Ellen Chase, Mr. George F. Joyce, and to 
many others, I make cordial acknowledgment. 

A dedication has hardly become customary in 

town histories, and yet I cannot forego the 

opportunity to associate with these pages the 

name of Rev. Howard N. Brown, now minister 

of King's chapel, Boston, but for many years 

minister of the First Parish, Brookline, and a 

trustee of the Public Library. 

C. K. B. 



CONTENTS. 




Preface 


Page 

3 


List of illustrations 


7 


"The hamlet of Muddy River" 


9 


Colonial Brookline 


19 


Early families 


25 


The revolution 


33 


The nineteenth century 


50 


The civil war 


59 


Attempts at annexation 


. . 76 


The last quarter of the nineteenth 


century 83 


Brookline in literature and the arts 


91 


The schools .... 


III 


Libraries .... 


123 


Outlines of church history . 


130 


Unitarian 


130 


Baptist .... 


133 


Congregational 


137 


Episcopal . ... 


141 



O CONTENTS. 




Outlines of church history — conthmed. 




Catholic 


146 


Swedenborgian 


149 


Methodist .... 


150 


Universalist .... 


154 


Presbyterian .... 


155 


Congregational-Unitarian 


. 156 


Police department .... 


. 158 


Fire department .... 


160 


Geology. By Daniel S. Sanford . 


163 


Botany. By Miss Emma G. Cummings 


169 


Birds. By Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. 


173 


Grantees, 1635 


185 


Brookline citizens in 1679 


189 


Founders of the church, 1717 


191 


Soldiers and sailors in the civil war 


193 


List of postmasters since 1829 


198 


List of Public Library trustees 


199 


Index 


201 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



To face page 

1. Home of Peter Aspinwall . . 9 

2. Griggs-Downer house . . . 13 

3. House of Edward Devotion . . 21 

4. John Devotion house ... 25 

5. House of Erozomon Drew . . 29 

6. House of Lieut. Caleb Craft . . 37 

7. John Goddard house . . . 41 

8. Gridley-Hulton house ... 45 

9. Babcock-Goddard house . . 53 

10. Locomotive ^'Brookhne" . . 57 

11. Beacon street, before widening . 61 

12. Washington-street bridge . . 69 

13. Corey-Sears homestead . . 73 

14. Portrait of Benjamin F. Baker . J'j 

15. Brookhne PubHc Bath ... 85 

16. John L. Gardner estate . . 89 

17. Portrait of Miss Hannah Adams . 93 

18. Portrait of Miss Harriet Y. Woods . lOi 



« 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 






19. 


Home of Eliakim Littell 


105 


20. 


Home of Dr. S. A. Shurtleff . 




109 


21. 


Brookline High School 




117 


22. 


Edward Devotion School 




121 


23>. 


Public Library 




125 


24. 


Portrait of Rev. John Pierce, D. 


D. 


133 


25. 


Map ..... 


. 


at end 


26. 


Home of Eben D. Jordan 


n? 


2;. 


Boylston-Hyslop place . 


153 


28. 


Home of Mrs. Edward S. Philbrick 169 


29. 


The Town Hall 


, 


185 



BROOKLINE: 

THE HISTORY OF A FAVORED TOWN. 



"THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER." 
November 13, 1705, the date which marks 
the incorporation of Brookline as a town, stands 
midway between that time when the Puritans, 
seekers for religious freedom, first settled the 
land, and the days which opened the struggle 
for political independence. From the western 
shore of the peninsula called '' Boston," that is, 
from the Common, water stretched for two 
miles to the westward. Beyond this expanse 
of water which was hemmed in on the south 
by the Roxbury shore there arose four wooded 
hills — at the right, what are now Corey Hill 
and Babcock Hill, at the left, Aspinwall Hill 
and Fisher Hill. Between these there were 



10 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

valleys sloping down to the marshes which 
bordered Muddy River. This beautiful wooded 
country was to the Boston emigrant what 
Oklahoma has recently been to the western 
pioneer. It was a land to be had for the asking. 

In 1635 the Boston authorities granted to 
Rev. John Cotton, ''our teacher," an allotment 
sufficient for a farm. It lay about the present 
Cypress street ; or more definitely, it contained 
land west of the parkway bounded southerly by 
the Boston & Albany circuit, and northerly by 
Brook street and Harvard avenue. The western 
boundary was at least as distant as Gardner road. 

Another of the early proprietors was Robert 
Hull, whose son John, the famous mint-master 
of Boston, inherited his estate. From John the 
property passed to his more famous son-in-law, 
Chief Justice Sewall. This land centered about 
Beacon street east of Harvard street. 

In looking over the old records, it seems as if 
every resident of Boston, who was not possessed 



''THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER." II 

of abnormal modesty, asked for an allotment in 
what was then called "the hamlet of Muddy 
River." Nearly one hundred persons quickly 
received their portion of land, varying in extent 
according to the numbers which constituted 
their families. The grants were made more 
rapidly than the surveyors could lay them out. 
Notices like this on the records are not infre- 
quent : — 

" Our brother Peter Oliver hath granted unto 
him sixty acres of land at Muddy River, if it be 
there to be had, of the which there is granted 
some marsh, if there be any there, always pro- 
vided that those grants before granted are first 
served." 

But as was natural, many had to wait for their 
property to be surveyed. Thomas Scottow was 
granted land for three heads in February, 
163^, and in December, 1639, we find him 
petitioning for land for five heads, his family hav- 
ing increased meantime to that number. Other 



12 BROOKLIXE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

records show that the town officials of Boston 
often granted more than they meant to, but 
found it inconvenient to reduce the amount. 

Among the early names in these records, 
probably the only ones still to be found repre- 
sented in this neighborhood are Davis, Griggs, 
Winchester, and White. 

A cart bridge was ordered March 4, 1634/5, 
to be paid for by Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, 
Watertown and Cambridge. Brookline was thus 
a pivotal point. All the traffic going toward the 
west passed out through Newbury street and 
Orange street (together a part of the present 
Washington street, Boston), over Boston Neck 
(Washington street near Dover street), through 
Roxbury street, which was then called " the 
Cambridge road," past the First Church where 
the apostle Eliot preached, to the present Rox- 
bury Crossing, thence along the highway now 
called Tremont street and Huntington avenue, 
up through what is now the village, and out 



t 



';ir:- 



I 



'■^^1 



■/. 



J * ? / 




4 



ntt 




I -^^ 



i&Ik 



1 



"THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER. 1 3 

Walnut street and Heath street (then together 
forming the old Sherburne road). 

The old Sherburne road lay along the southern 
slope of Fisher Hill. The depression between 
the northeastern slope and Aspinwall Hill formed 
the bed of the Village Brook, beside which now 
run the tracks of the Boston & Albany circuit. 
Between Aspinwall Hill and Corey Hill the early 
settlers laid out the road to Brighton and Water- 
town, the present Washington street ; and be- 
tween Corey Hill and Babcock Hill they made a 
road to Cambridge. An early statement in the 
records that the road to Cambridge, which per- 
haps represented the modern Harvard street, was 
to be blazoned through the trees, gives in one 
word a vivid picture of the woodland that cov- 
ered the town. These roads had a common 
starting point which became " the village." 
Here was built the Punch Bowl Tavern, from 
which Brookline came to be known as the 
"Punch Bowl Village." The tavern stood on 



14 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

the eastern corner of Pearl and Washington 
streets. To the original building additions were 
made from time to time, as traffic through the 
town increased. During the revolutionary pe- 
riod and earlier a well managed tavern gave the 
town in which it stood a more than local reputa- 
tion, and the traveler's diary usually recorded 
the name of the inn at which he tarried. The 
Punch Bowl was famous in western and northern 
New England until the nineteenth century. Be- 
neath its overhanging second story a seat invited 
loiterers. Elm trees and a pump were before 
the door. But most conspicuous was the tavern 
sign, upon which were depicted a punch bowl and 
ladle, shaded by the cooling leaves of a fruitful 
lemon tree. What proportion of the refreshing 
draughts came from the juice of the lemon only 
the departed travelers could tell. The old 
building was taken down about 1830. 

In these early days an Indian fort stood on 
what is now the eastern corner of Beacon and 



"THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER. 1 5 

Powell Streets ; it covered one-eighth of an acre, 
was surrounded by a ditch about three feet deep, 
and by a parapet nearly three feet high. 

Mrs. Lee, in her " Naomi," writes thus of 
Brookline in 1660: "The town of Roxbury pos- 
sessed beautiful farms, but beyond that. Brook- 
line, then called Muddy River, deserved not the 
appellation of the pleasure-garden of Norfolk, 
although its wild beauties far surpassed those 
which the hand of man has given it as a dowry. 
It was principally used for grazing cattle, for 
which its meadows and sheltered nooks of rich 
pasturage were particularly adapted. At this 
time there were a few houses at what was after- 
wards known as the Punch-Bowl Village, and a 
road from thence to Cambridge." 

Many of the citizens of Boston to whom were 
made grants of land, did not come to Brookline 
to live. John Josselyn writes in 1675: "Two 
miles from the town, in a place called Muddy 
River, the inhabitants have farms, to which 



1 6 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

belong rich, arable grounds and meadows, where 
they keep their cattle in summer, and bring them 
to Boston in the winter." From this custom, 
perhaps, came the name '' Boston Commons," 
occasionally applied to Muddy River. 

In 1686 the inhabitants of Muddy River peti- 
tioned to be allowed to manage their own affairs, 
and to be exempt from rates to the town of 
Boston. This was granted, with the provision 
that they erect a school-house within one year, 
and provide an able reading and writing master. 

The people were either unable to pay the 
rates, the wealthier Boston land owners never 
having had a residence in the town, or they 
were beginning to show that independence 
which has characterized the town ever since, 
for we soon find them petitioning for greater 
liberties. These attempts annoyed the Boston 
authorities, who voted in 1700 that the people 
of Muddy River should pay their rates for 
the future. In 1705, however, circumstances 



''THE HAMLET OF MUDDY RIVER." ly 

seem to have favored another appeal. Whether 
this was due or not to the fact that the 
town clerk, Samuel Sewall, was not only the 
son of Chief Justice Sewall, a member of 
the council at that time, but also the son-in-law 
of the governor, Joseph Dudley, it cannot with 
certainty be said ; but the adoption of the name 
"Brookline" for the territory formerly known 
as Muddy River, at least implies a compliment 
to the chief justice. 

On Monday, June 20, 1687, Judge Sewall 
writes in his famous diary: "Went to Muddy 
River with Mr. Gore and Eliot to take a Plot 
of Brooklin." And on Wednesday, June 22, 
"Went to Muddy River. Mr. Gore finishes 
compassing the land with his plain table ; I do 
it chiefly that I may know my own, it lies in so 
many nooks and corners." 

Judge Sewall's farm, called "Brookline," was 
on the eastern side of what is now Naples road, 
and had for its boundary Smelt Brook. Part of 



l8 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

this farm was inherited by a descendant, the 
wife of E. K. Wolcott, and the Hales map of 
1820 has the words ^'Woolcott Farm" close by 
the line of the brook. Smelt Brook starts at 
the foot of Corey Hill, near the present Win- 
chester street, crosses Harvard street, follows 
in a general way the direction of Naples road, 
crosses Commonwealth avenue and enters the 
Charles. As Chief Justice Sewall was a man of 
influence at the time, and as his farm was called 
"Brookline," it very likely seemed to the inhab- 
itants of Muddy River, that the suggestion of 
"Brookline" for a name for the town was a 
compliment both to the chief justice and to the 
governor, which would further their desire for 
civic independence. 



COLONIAL BROOKLINE. 

In the year 1700 there were about fifty families 
in the town; the number did not increase 
materially until near the beginning of the next 
century when the country-house population be- 
gan to be a feature of Brookline. The original 
meeting-house, which first stood on the present 
parsonage grounds of the Unitarian church on 
Walnut street (opposite Perrin place, now called 
Maple terrace), was not only the geographical 
center, but the social center of the town. Near- 
by the town hall and the school-house were 
built. 

The poverty of the town at this time was as 
conspicuous as its wealth has come to be in these 
days. It is said that today the yearly revenues 
and expenditures of Brookline are about double 
the revenues and expenditures of the State of 
New Hampshire. In contrast with this, the first 



20 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

struggle to build a meeting-house may be of 
interest. In 1705, when the town was incor- 
porated, the people were enjoined to build a 
meeting-house and to obtain an orthodox min- 
ister in three years. In 1709 Brookline sent a 
petition to the governor, Joseph Dudley, saying 
that they wished three years more to settle a 
minister. On account of the extraordinary 
province taxes and their contribution toward the 
support of the ministry in the south end of 
Roxbury where the people worshipped — ''our 
most remote ffamily resorting to the new meeting- 
house " — a petition in November, 1710, for 
further time was favorably considered. On 
June 10, 17 1 3, another grant of time was made. 
Finally, the meeting-house was raised, November 
10, 17 14. It contained in all fourteen seats built 
around the wall ; a flight of stairs on either side 
led to the gallery for men and the gallery for 
women. Thirty-nine members constituted the 
first organization. 




2; .= 

3 oj 



COLONIAL BROOKLINE. 21 

The Rev. James Allen was ordained the first 
minister of this, the town's church, Novem- 
ber 5, 171 8, and preached until his death in 
February, 1747. His successors to 1850 have 
been : — 

2. Rev. Cotton Brown, ordained October 26, 

1748; died April 13, 1751. 

3. Rev. Nathaniel Potter, ordained Novem- 

ber 19, 1755 ; dismissed June 17, 1759. 

4. Rev. Joseph Jackson, ordained April 9, 

1760 ; died July 22, 1796. 

5. Rev. John Pierce, ordained March 15, 1797 ; 

died August 24, 1849. 

On Monday, December 6, 1847, the town voted 
to give to the First Parish a quit-claim deed, 
releasing in fee simple all the town's right in 
and to the land on which the meeting-house 
now stands. The affairs of the First Parish 
since this date belong more properly to church 
history. In this deed are the words : '' The 
town is to covenant that the triangular lot 



22 brookline: a favored town. 

of land lying east of the estate of John E. 
Thayer shall forever remain open and unencum- 
bered." So that this, the first village green, and 
the site of the first town school, and later of the 
"brick school," still remains open. 

Returning for a moment to the days of the 
Rev. James Allen, it was voted in 17 17, the year 
before his ordination, that the " ministers sallary 
of ;^8o pounds be raised by an equall and Propor- 
tionable Rate Levyed on the Inhabitants." And 
all money contributed by strangers was to go 
into the town treasury. These were the days 
when charity began at home. 

In his sermons Mr. Allen was a careful, me- 
thodical divine ; he pressed home the truths for 
which such events as the earthquake of October 
29, 1727, and the death of Mr. Samuel Aspinwall 
in 1732, prepared his listeners. 

In July, 1743, Mr. Allen wrote a semi-public 
letter expressing his joy that there were " scores 
of persons under awakenings " in his parish, as a 



COLONIAL BROOKLINE. 2$ 

result of the Whitefield revivals. Some time 
afterward he grew out of sympathy with the 
"delusion," as he called it, and said that they 
were "upon the devil's ground." He spoke 
harshly of them, and " lived at variance with 
one of his neighbors almost four years, and 
declined to make it up with him." Ebenezer 
Kendrick, Nathaniel Shepard, John Seaver, Jr., 
Elhanan Winchester, Jr., Richard Seaver, 
and Dudley Boylston, Jr., withdrew from the 
church and joined the " New Lights." They 
held worship in the Shepard house, later known 
as the Dana house, which stood near the western 
Public Library gate. Mr. Allen tried to do his 
duty during these times of unrest, although the 
worry undermined his health. 

The above Elhanan Winchester's son, of the 
same name, was born in 175 1. He began his re- 
markable career as a preacher in the New Light 
faith, but changed to the Baptist communion, 
and finally to Universalism. His reputation 



24 brookline: a favored town. 

grew year by year, as he went from city to city 
in this country and in Europe. He wrote many 
hymns, and was a friend of the leading clergy- 
men of the last half of the i8th century, and 
also of such men as John Jay, Timothy Pickering 
and Dr. Benjamin Rush. He died April i8, 
1797, loved by many Brookline friends who could 
not follow his teachings. 

The Rev. Joseph Jackson, minister of the 
First Parish during this period, a diffident, re- 
served man, suffered from the movement in 
which Mr. Winchester was a leader. Dr. Pierce, 
his successor, was the first minister of the 
church to represent the Unitarian spirit, although 
he never allowed himself to discuss creeds or 
differences in faith. 




^ o 



5 5 



EARLY FAMILIES. 

In the early days, among prominent families 
were the Boylstons, the Goddards, the Aspin- 
walls, the Devotions, the Winchesters, the Gard- 
ners, the Sharps, the Davises, and the Whites. 
Dr. Thomas Boylston and his son, Dr. Zabdiel, 
of inoculation fame, are associated with the early 
history of the Henry Lee place on Boylston 
street, north of the reservoir. Peter Boylston 
was a grandfather of President John Adams. 
Memorial Hall at Harvard contains a number of 
fine portraits of members of the family. 

The Goddards came from a well-known family 
in London ; William Goddard settled in Water- 
town, and was a teacher of Latin there. His 
great-grandson John, who lived near the pres- 
ent Goddard avenue, did conspicuous service 
during the Revolution. A branch of the family 
in England is now prominent in the church. 



26 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

The Aspinwalls, who came from near Liver- 
pool, and settled about the present Aspinwall 
avenue, across the brook from the Cotton estate, 
are like the Goddards, still represented here, and 
like the Boylstons, have furnished distinguished 
physicians to the town. 

The Sharps, who lived on the western side of 
the present Hansard street, near Auburn, did 
service in the early Indian wars. Lieutenant 
John Sharp, of Captain Wadsworth's company, 
marching in 1676 from Marlboro to Sudbury to 
attack King Philip, was drawn into an ambush ; 
after four hours of fighting the company was 
driven back in confusion by fire started among 
the dry leaves by the Indians, and both Wads- 
worth and Sharp were killed. 

The Brookline branch of the Gardners came 
from Cambridge at an early date. They were 
represented in the Revolution by Isaac Gardner, 
whose death on the 19th of April, fighting 
against the king's troops, caused so much com- 



EARLY FAMILIES. 2/ 

ment in England, and by Colonel Thomas 
Gardner, of the Cambridge branch, who died 
from wounds received at Bunker Hill. Isaac 
Gardner lived on Brighton street, now Chestnut 
Hill avenue. 

The Davises of the present day trace descent 
from Ebenezer Davis of Roxbury, whose son. 
Deacon Ebenezer, in the latter part of the 17th 
century, purchased from the Cotton family land 
on both sides of the present Washington street 
in the village. Their house stood on the eastern 
side of Kent street. Robert S. Davis, the Boston 
bookseller, published Miss Woods' Historical 
Sketches of Brookline in 1874. Other members 
of the family were General R Stearns Davis 
and Hon. Thomas A. Davis, Mayor of Boston. 

The land about Naples road, now called 
the Babcock farm, was once owned by John 
Devotion, a prominent man in the town. His 
son Edward, who is said to have lived on the 
farm in summer and in the village in winter, left 



28 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

property to the schools. In 1762 it amounted to 
£739-4^- The Edward Devotion School, which 
stands on the farm, is a worthy memorial of his 
public spirit. Descendants of other names are 
still living. 

The Griggs family comes from Joseph Griggs 
of Roxbury, who married, in 1653, Mary, daugh- 
ter of Griffin Craft, whose family also became 
associated with the town. A son, Ichabod, a 
man of wealth and influence, was the father of 
Samuel Griggs, who acquired Captain John 
Winchester's place on Harvard street, beyond 
Beacon street. 

William Hyslop, a poor Scotch peddler, came 
to America some years before the Revolution, 
and having amassed a fortune purchased the 
Boylston place on Fisher Hill. His daughter 
married Governor Increase Sumner. A son, 
David, who inherited the place, was very peculiar. 
He disliked music and called anthems "tan- 
trums ; " come was pronounced "tum," and study 




"._ .--Ha"- -'si 








^ rt 



t ^ 



EARLY FAMILIES. 29 

was always *'tucldy." In 1821 he gave a grand 
dinner party for President John Adams, who, 
although aged and feeble, had expressed a desire 
to see once more the house in which his mother 
was born. 

Robert Harris, an early settler near the 
Roxbury line, in '' Putterham," the southwestern 
corner of the town, was the great great grand- 
father of Rev. William Harris, D.D., president 
of Columbia College, N. Y., 1811-1829. 

James and Elinor Clark lived in a house near 
the eastern corner of the present Harvard street 
and Harvard avenue, and owned the surround- 
ing land. Their grandson. Deacon Samuel, built 
the first meeting-house on the old Sherburne 
road, and also the Clark house at the corner of 
Walnut and Chestnut streets. He owned the 
garrison house in the rear. Miss Sarah and 
Miss Susan Clark of the present generation gave 
many interesting old manuscripts to the Public 
Library. 



30 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Captain Timothy Corey of Weston married 
Elizabeth Griggs of Brookline and came here to 
live just before the Revolution, in which he took 
part. His sons, Elijah and Timothy, were 
interested in the revivals of the time, and 
became deacons in the Baptist church. The 
family is still represented here. 

The Winchesters, famous in Brookline religious 
annals and even in the greater world without, 
were of Welsh origin, like the Davises. John 
Winchester, first representative from Brookline 
to the general court, lived on land stretching 
from the Cambridge road, now Harvard street, 
to the top of Corey Hill. His son. Captain 
John, and grandson Isaac, held the property 
until it passed into the Griggs family. Elhanan 
Winchester has been referred to elsewhere in 
these pages. 

The Whites came from John White of Water- 
town and Brookline, an early and prosperous 
settler whose will is still preserved in the Public 



EARLY FAMILIES. 3 1 

Library with many other documents relating to 
the family. He lived in the village. His^son, ^a^x/7^ 
Major Edward White, or Whyte, lived first in a 
house between Boylston and Washington streets, 
near their junction, and later on Washington 
street. He was a wealthy man. Joseph White, 
brother of Major Edward, lived on the north- 
eastern corner of Chestnut Hill avenue and 
Boylston street, before the Ackers family came 
into possession. Joseph's granddaughter Ann 
married Henry Sewall, father of Samuel the 
Tory, and her sister Susanna married Ebenezer 
Craft, who built the Craft house now standing 
on the northerly side of Huntington avenue, 
across the line, with 1709 on the chimney. 

The Ackers family, once the leaders in Brook- 
line's rural society, have gone elsewhere. Their 
farm, about the present Ackers avenue, was 
once an Indian burying ground. 

Among other families were the Buckmin- 
sters (mentioned elsewhere), the Druces, the 



32 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Davenports, the Heaths, prominent in and since 
the Revolution, the Kendricks, the Perkinses, 
and the Cabots ; somewhat later, sturdy Deacon 
Robinson, the Seavers, from whom came Mayor 
Seaver of Boston, the Sewalls, the Thayers and 
the Withingtons. 

Before touching upon Brookline's part in 
the events of the Revolution, the following 
paragraph from the will of Robert Sharp, dated 
in 1763, may be of interest as a suggestion of 
the rural life which prevailed on the eve of the 
great struggle. It reads : — 

" I also give her [my wife] one half of my 
'Poultrey, and honey Bees. ... I also give her 
two Cows. ... I also Give her Twelve Bushell 
of Indian Corn and Six Bushell of Rie a year 
Annually so long as She Remains my Widow, 
And also ten Score of well Fed Pork, and 
Twelve Score of Good Beef a year Annually 
And her Firewood at the Door, and so much of 
the fruit of my Orchard as she wants for her 
own Use, and six Barrels of Cyder a year Annu- 
ally. ... I Further Give her four Bushell of 
malt a Year Annually. ..." 



THE REVOLUTION. 

To sketch in a rapid way the history of Brook- 
line from the first signs of discontent to the 
adoption of the constitution, is not an easy task. 

In December, 1772, the town chose a com- 
mittee to take under consideration the violations 
and infringements of the rights of the colonists. 
On the 28th they voted : — 

"That the Rights of the Colonists, and this 
Province in particular, as men, as Chrystians & 
as Subjects, as Set forth in the Votes & Pro- 
ceedings of the Town of Boston, are in the 
Opinion of this Town well Stated." 

The next month the people went a step further 
in saying that " this town think themselves happy 
in being always ready to add their mite to wards 
withstanding any arbitrary despotick measures 
that are or may be carried on to overthrow 



34 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

the Constitution and deprive us of all our 
invaluable rights and priviledges, which are & 
ought to be as dear or dearer then life itselfe." 

In November, 1773, the town voted that they 
were ready to afford all the assistance in their 
power to the town of Boston, and would heartily 
unite with them and the other towns " to oppose 
and frustrate this most detestable and dangerous 
tea scheem." 

The temper of the people became rapidly 
hostile to every act of authority exercised by 
the British crown. In September, 1774, they 
were bold enough to appoint a committee to 
examine into the state of the town as to its 
military preparations for war " in case of a suden 
attack from our enemies." Upon this com- 
mittee were John Goddard and Captain Benjamin 
White, who, with Colonel Thomas Aspinwall and 
Isaac Gardner, Esq., led the movement which 
was rapidly drifting toward open rebellion. In 
the month following the town voted unani- 



THE REVOLUTION. 35 

mously to approve the measures adopted by 
the continental congress. 

As early as January, 1775, a resort to arms 
seemed inevitable. John Goddard was busy 
bringing together military stores under the 
direction of the committee for supplies. March 
8, 1775, according to his note-book, he was 
carting beef from Boston to Concord. On the 
1 8th he carted two hogsheads of flints and other 
articles from Boston to Brookline. On the 22d 
he conveyed sheet lead and three barrels of 
linen to Concord. On the 24th he carted two 
casks of leaden balls. On April loth he carted 
two ox-cart and two horse-cart loads of canteens 
to Concord. For some time powder had been 
concealed at his house near the present Goddard 
avenue. This was conveyed to Concord, and 
with the other stores was the cause of the mid- 
night march of Lieutenant-Colonel Smith which 
brought on the battle of Lexington. Smith 
had landed at Cambridge, reached Concord, and 



36 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

was retreating when Lord Percy marched to his 
relief. Word came to Brookline that Lord 
Percy was coming, and the frightened people 
gathered together what valuables they could and 
fled to the upper part of the town. When Lord 
Percy's one thousand men marched through the 
village and out Harvard street past Coolidge 
Corner, he found few of the inhabitants to meet 
him. The story will always live in Brookline, 
whether it be true or not, of the small boy who 
was asked by Lord Percy to point the way to 
Lexington. His reply was, " You inquire the 
way there, but I will be damned if you ever 
need to know the way back." 

The first awe which seems to have followed 
the march of the king's soldiers through the 
town soon gave place to a desire to fight. By 
noon almost all of the able-bodied men of the 
town were gathered on the village green before 
the meeting-house. From this point, at the 
corner of Warren and Walnut streets, three 




r-, -^ 






>^ 


Oj 


? E 


-1- 


;^ 


p: _• 








/< 


> 


^ 2 


'— 


>, 


"t: s 


r-' 


j:; 




J 


-^ 


'-M 3 






^x 














0) 




"-• 




cii 








tr' 




-T/: 






xf :^ 


















/. 




t: •— 


_; 




■r o; . 








:r; 




iH^ 






THE REVOLUTION. 37 

companies, headed by Captain Thomas White, 
Colonel Thomas Aspinwall, and Isaac Gardner, 
Esq., set forth across the fields "as the crow- 
flies " toward Lexington. At half-past two 
Colonel Smith's exhausted men had been received 
within a hollow square formed by Lord Percy's 
reinforcements. At six o'clock the combined 
forces of the regulars reached Jacob Watson's 
house near Spruce street, North Cambridge. 
Here the Brookline volunteers met the British. 
Isaac Gardner and four or five others posted 
themselves behind some dry casks near the 
road. As they waited for Lord Percy to come 
by on his retreat tow^ard Boston, the enemy's 
flank guard came behind them and killed every 
one of them on the spot. Mr. Gardner's body 
was pierced by balls and bayonets in twelve places. 
He was the only patriot killed that day who had 
received a degree from Harvard College. 

Dr. Aspinw^all, Colonel Aspinwall's brother, 
calling the Brookline men to follow him, joined 



38 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

in the pursuit of the enemy until at dusk they 
reached the neighborhood of Charlestown. The 
doctor was blind in one eye, but was an excel- 
lent shot. His friends were not as skillful, for 
during the running fight that afternoon he was 
accustomed to place himself on the side of the 
tree nearest the enemy, preferring to trust to 
their poor aim rather than to remain too near his 
excited townsmen. 

Dr. Downer, another Brookline volunteer, 
who did good service in later years as an army 
surgeon, was active on the 19th of April. While 
passing a house that afternoon, two British sol- 
diers ran toward him ; at that moment one man 
was shot in the back, while the other exchanged 
shots with Dr. Downer ; although very close to 
each other they both missed, and the doctor, 
exasperated, rushed upon the redcoat with his 
gun and killed him. 

Isaac Gardner's body was brought back and 
buried very quietly the next night. His death 



THE REVOLUTION. 39 

caused a bitter but rather amusing controversy 
in the English press between those who would 
not believe that His Majesty's Justice of the 
Peace could have been killed fighting against 
the crown, and those who, believing the true 
reports, foresaw the seriousness of the conflict 
which Great Britain was forcing upon the 
colonies. The following communication to the 
Gazetteer and Nciv Daily Advertiser of July 4, 
1775, copied by Miss Ellen Chase from files in 
the British Museum, has a spice of the times : — 

" Isaac Gardner, one of His Majesty's Justices of the 
Peace, was not killed as he ^^2^$. peaceably riding along, but 
was killed in the very act of attacking the King's troops. 

" The rebels in their own accounts, confess this, and 
confute Mr. Potatoe Head's falsehoods. Their account, 
dated the 24th of April, says that Isaac Gardner took 
9 prisoners, that 12 soldiers deserted to him, and that 
his ambush proved fatal to Lord Percy and another 
general officer, who were killed the first fire. This is a 
clear refutation of Mr. Potatoe Head's lying paragraph, 

'• Mr. Potatoe Head must therefore be, to use one of 
his own polite epithets, ' a most audacious scoundrel ' 
to impose the fictio7is of his own Sodden Head on the 
public for authentic intelligence from America. 

"July I. POLITICUS." 



40 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

During the siege of Boston, Brookline could 
not well help taking an active interest in the 
conflict. John Goddard, as early as the 22d of 
May, began to be constantly in the service of 
the province; first, carting stores to the differ- 
ent fortifications which surrounded Boston, and 
later as far as the Hudson River. At Sewall's 
Point, which was on the north-eastern corner of 
the present Commonwealth avenue extension 
and Essex street, a fortification was built, mount- 
ing six guns, to command the Charles. Washing- 
ton once visited it. On the land in this vicinity, 
now the Lawrence estate, Colonel Prescott, for a 
time, had his headquarters, and Colonel Gerrish's 
regiment and a detachment of the Connecticut 
troops were stationed. Their barracks were 
afterward used as hospitals for the sol-diers, 
much to the annoyance of the people. Mr. 
Goddard, Colonel Aspinwall, Captain Corey, Dr. 
Downer and others of the town's people did loyal 
service in New England, while Colonel James 



THE REVOLUTION. 4I 

Wesson, the highest officer from Brookline 
during the war, was doing gallant service in 
New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. At 
the battle of Monmouth Court-house in 1778, 
Colonel Wesson, then in command of the 9th 
Massachusetts regiment, was in the thickest 
of the fight. Lying close upon his horse's neck 
to look under the cannon smoke, he was struck 
by a ball which tore away his clothing and the 
muscles of his back. He recovered sufficiently 
to serve three years longer. In 1784 he moved 
to Marlboro' and became a prosperous farmer. 

But there was always in Brookline a small 
minority opposed to the patriot cause. A man 
named Jackson lived near the present Public 
Library building on Washington street. His 
house was used as barracks by the American 
troops, and as a loyal subject of the king, he 
preferred to sell his property and move away. 

Another loyalist was Henry Hulton, manda- 
mus counsellor for the British government. He 



42 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

moved to Boston and the rents of his estate, 
a portion of which is now the Moses Williams 
place, were collected by the town until the 
property was confiscated and sold. The report 
of a committee, "to the whole court," dated 
July 2, 1776, ''respecting the real & personal 
estates of those parsons who have fled from us," 
states: "Wee have taken into our care the farm 
lately belonging to Henry Hulton, Esq., & have 
let out for one year to the Rev'd Mr. Jackson & 
John Coborn of said town, they paying therefore 
twenty four pounds lawfull money rent," In 
the list made of his personal estate are: "one 
suit of curtains, one settee, one matrass bed, 
two hats, one feather, one sword, two pictures, 
one chest with about one dazon of glas bottles, 
one house bell, 11 chana plates, two maps, som 
sheat led, i small bag of brass scruse." The 
original house was built about 1740 by Nathaniel 
Gardner, and was owned later by Deacon Ben- 
jamin White, and then by Jeremy Gridley, Esq., 



THE REVOLUTION. 43 

the distinguished lawyer. Gridley took an ac- 
tive interest in Brookline affairs until the time 
of his death in 1767. This house, sometimes 
called the Sumner or Chapin house from more 
recent owners, was taken down by Mr. Williams 
in 1885. 

Samuel Sewall, although not a resident of 
Brookline, owned property in the town. He was 
proscribed as a refugee and sailed for England. 
Governor Barnard's estate and his pew in the 
meeting house were, in 1779, ordered sold. But 
royalists were not the only ones who suffered 
inconvenience during the war. Major Thompson 
in a petition to the general court states that on 
December 14, 1775, Captain King came with an 
insolent written order to quarter his company in 
the major's house on the Watertown road. The 
major protested and stood his ground until the 
doors were battered in. 

Most of the people, however, while the enemy 
were at their doors were warlike enough, 



44 brookline: a favored town. 

although their inclmations were naturally agri- 
cultural rather than military. 

In the town records, a vote relating to boun- 
ties given by the town to soldiers, stands side by 
side with the petition of the singing society that 
they may be allowed to form certain seats in the 
front gallery of the meeting house into a pew for 
their better condition. 

The following account of farming a place in 
Roxbury by Robert Sharp and his brother, 
shows how evenly the farm life continued during 
1778:- 

April 22d 1778 my Brother and I agreed to take 
mothers Place in Roxbury into our hand, — 

23d my Brother went over to Roxbury to work with 
three hands and two teams, I worked with one hand and 
team. 

24th my Brother worked with one hand and Team. 

27th my brother Sent one hand and Team. I went 
with one hand and Sowed five Bushels of Barley and 
about two quarts of hayseed, my Brother found the 
Barley and hayseed. 

may i6th my Brother sent a hand and Team, I went 
my Self, we Poled the wall and mended fence. 



THE REVOLUTION. 45 

25th my Brother and I went over in the morning, 
mended fence. 

June ist Each of us turned two Cows into the Pasture. 

9th I went over in the after noon with my Brothers 
hand and Team. Sowed half a Bushel of Flax Seed 
which I gave two Dollars for the Flax Seed. 

July 20th we went to mowing Robert three hands in 
the fore noon two in the afternoon I one hand all day. 
Robert found a leg of bacon and Sauce. I found two 
gallons of Cyder, one Gallon of rum, cheese &c. 

2 it Robert had five hands a mowing all day, two hand 
rakeing in the afternoon I had one hand mowing, Robert 
found two quarts of rum a quarter mutton Sauce &c. I 
found pork &c. 

22d I Stayed with four of Roberts hands and one of 
my own and raked till towards night, 

24th. I went with Thomas and aaron in the after 
noon and raked meadowhay. 

25th Robert went with a team and four hands. I with 
a team and two hands we Carted hay into the barn. I 
found a small quarter of lamb Cheese etc. 

29th Robert went with a team and two hands I with a 
team and one hand we mowed and Carted home the 
Barley. I found a gallon rum Cheese &c. 

August 25 I went with my team thomas & Aaron pul'd 
the Flax brouht it to Jamaca pond. 

With the return to agriculture which followed 
the transfer of the seat of war to New York 



46 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

came an aversion to joining the continentals. 
In 1779 a committee was appointed to hire the 
number of men which the town was called upon 
to raise to reinforce the continental army. 
After several discouraging attempts to get 
volunteers, the town voted, July 13, 1780: — 

"That Capt. White be desired to Issue his 
Warrant to warn the Training Band and alarm 
list to meet to Morrow afternoon at five a Clock 
in this place in order to raise the Remainder of 
the Town's Quota of Men by draft if they cannot 
be Raised any other way be fore that time; and 
that Notice be given that such persons as shall 
not attend the meeting, be the first Drafted." 

At the next meeting it was voted that Doctor 
Aspinwall and Deacon Gardner "go around 
among the people in the present meeting to see 
who will advance money for the purpose of 
hiring men," and "to go around among the 
people present to see if any incline to ingage to 
serve as soldiers for the town." 



THE REVOLUTION. 47 

The regular committee refused to serve, and 
a new committee was appointed with instruc- 
tions not to give more than ;^i5oo per man for 
the militia, which were called for three months. 
There can be no doubt that the people present 
were slow to ^'ingage to serve as soldiers for 
the town." 

As there are in the Public Library many 

receipts for fine-money received from prominent 

citizens who refused to join the army when 

drafted, the form of these may still be of 

interest : — 

Brookline, Deer, ye 9th 1776. 
Reed of Mr. Caleb Craft the Sum of Ten Pounds 
Lawfull money in full for his fine he Refuseing to go a 
Solder when Draughted by the Town. 

Reced by me Thos. Aspinwall. 

Miss Mary Boylston in 1780 hoped to awaken 

some enthusiasm by her offer of three silver 

dollars, given "for the encouragement of such 

men as shall ingage to serve as soldiers." It 

would perhaps be unkind to mention that she 

failed to pay her taxes that very year. 



48 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

In January, 1 781, it was voted "that every 
inhabitant be authorized to hire any soldiers to 
serve for three years, or during the war for this 
town's quota for the continental army — and 
that every inhabitant that shall procure a man 
shall be allowed four dollars for his trouble." 

Still later, in July, the town was divided into 
eight classes in order to procure eight men to 
go to Rhode Island and West Point. Each 
class was obliged to procure one man and pay 
him. Any class that failed to fulfill this obliga- 
tion was to pay the highest price given for any 
of the men. The following receipt relates to 
this period : — 

Brookline August 2ist 1782. 
Reed of Robert Sharp by the hand of Col. Wesson, 
Eight Pounds 2/ in full for his part for hiring a Soldier 
for three years, for the fourth Class in the Town of 
Brookline. 
8:5: 9f Daniel White. 

The calls for troops ceased toward the end of 

the war, and the patriotism which may have 

been dampened by the frequent demands for 



THE REVOLUTION. 49 

reinforcements, grew brighter. In September, 
1782, came the last call for men. The war was 
soon ended, and the farmers were no longer 
interrupted in their agricultural pursuits. 

Soon after this, the wealthier people of 
Boston began to look toward Brookline, with its 
beautiful woodlands, as a desirable place for 
country homes. This movement in the last one 
hundred years has changed the town from a 
community too poor to send a representative, to 
one so wealthy that it is in danger of becoming 
a prey to its avaricious neighbors. 



THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 

The population of Brookline in 1700 was prob- 
ably not far from 300. In 1800 it had risen to 
605. Forty years later, there were 1265 people 
in the town. Fifty-five years from that time the 
town had 15,000 people, with an estimated 
annual increase of over 1000 people. The chief 
event at the opening of the nineteenth century 
was the dedication of a new meeting house, June 
II, 1806. Then, and for many years after, this 
was the town's property, and Dr. Pierce was the 
spiritual leader of all the people. The next day 
began the demolition of the little church where 
the fathers had worshipped since 171 7. On the 
site of this second church now stands the Unita- 
rian church erected in 1893. On the other side 
of Walnut street, at the bend, the house once 
owned by Henry Hulton remained until 1885. 
Before Mr. Hulton came to Brookline to live, 



THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 5 1 

the house was occupied by Jeremy Gridley, 
Esq., attorney general for the king, and some- 
times called '' the Webster of his time." In the 
famous trial before Chief Justice Hutchinson, 
when James Otis attempted to show that the 
writs of assistance were unconstitutional, Mr. 
Gridley upheld the Crown. During a speech of 
four hours in length, called by Adams the 
'' birth of liberty," Otis treated Gridley with 
marked respect and courtesy. 

Another famous character in Brookline history, 
at a little later time, was Miss Hannah Adams, 
the first woman in America who made literature 
a profession. She was the author of a History 
of the Jews, a History of New England, Letters 
on the Gospels, a View of Religious Opinions, 
etc. Dr. Pierce says of her : '' She was as 
notorious for ignorance of common household 
concerns, and indeed of common things in 
general, as she was celebrated for book-learning, 
and eminent for piety." 



52 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

During the same period, the Hon, George 
Cabot, United States senator, and secretary of 
the navy under Adams, came to Brookhne, and 
also Hon. Jonathan Mason, United States senator. 

Brookline, like all New England, took little 
interest in the war of 1812, except in self-defence. 
Mr. A. W. Goddard remembers seeing from 
Goddard Heights the Chesapeake sail down 
Boston harbor, June i, 181 3, to fight the 
Shannon. In the autumn of 18 14, fearing the 
arrival of a British fleet, the militia poured into 
Boston to man the forts in the harbor. At this 
time a number of citizens organized a company 
of about fifty men to serve in case of invasion. 
The officers were General Isaac S. Gardner, 
captain ; Major John Robinson, lieutenant ; and 
Joseph Goddard, ensign. Many of the people 
volunteered in November to work in the forti- 
fications then being thrown up on the heights of 
South Boston, and on Noddle's Island. Later a 
company was organized for service at Fort Inde- 



THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 53 

pendence, with Timothy Corey, captain, Robert 
S. Davis, lieutenant, and Thomas Griggs, ensign. 
The citizens raised a contribution to be divided 
among them. During the splendid defence of 
Fort Erie, near Buffalo, August 15, 18 14, where 
General Drummond after a brave assault was 
driven back, the right was held by General 
Scott's brigade commanded by Lieutenant- 
Colonel Thomas Aspinwall of Brookline. In an 
attack on the British lines, September 17, Aspin- 
wall lost his left arm while directing his men 
within twenty paces of the enemy's defences. 

An event in the social history of the town 
may be chronicled here. The Marquis de 
Lafayette while visiting the United States dined 
with Colonel T. H. Perkins June 20, 1825. Upon 
taking leave of his host the marquis rode along 
Heath street, which was lined by spectators. He 
stopped before the home of Ebenezer Heath, and 
shook hands with every young lady present. Miss 
Elizabeth P. Peabody, then a girl of twenty-one. 



54 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

mounted the steps of the carriage and kissed 
his hand. For many years Miss Peabody 
always appeared at tea time on the anniversary 
of this day to celebrate the event in the 
company of the Misses Anne and Susan Heath. 

In 1806-7 the present Boylston street, from 
the village over Bradley's Hill to the Reservoir, 
and from Heath street westward, was built. As 
a turnpike road to Worcester, it went over hill 
and through dale, regardless of the comfort of 
teamsters. It seems to have had no more effect 
upon the development of Brookline than did the 
old route through Walnut street and Heath 
street, for the large estates on Heath, Warren, 
Clyde and Boylston streets have never been 
invaded by the allotment promoter. 

At first the mill-dam from " Charles street in 
Boston across the bay and over Brookline 
marshes to Sewall's point," built in 1821, had 
little influence on the town, for the toll of 6% 
cents hindered travel. 



THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 55 

The laying out of Beacon street and the con- 
struction of a branch railroad into the town — 
perhaps the two greatest events in Brookline 
history during the first half of this century 
— were bitterly opposed. The Boston and 
Worcester railroad had been opened as far as 
Newton in 1834. In 1846 a committee was 
instructed to assist counsel "at every stage of 
the business in and out of the legislature to 
show the ruinous consequence" of allowing a 
railroad to pass through the village. 

On the 8th of April, 1848, the Brookline 
branch railroad was opened to the public. " S. 
A. W." in the Boston Daily Journal, Wednes- 
day, April 1 2th, writes : — 

" Never shone the sun more effulgent, never did the 
countenances of the inhabitants of Brookline bespeak 
more joy, than on the day appointed for the opening of 
the grand project of Railroad communication with the 
city. On Saturday last, by the liberality of the Directors 
of the Boston and Worcester Railroad, more than 2000 
persons, mostly inhabitants of Brookline and vicinity, 
passed over this delightful avenue, and notwithstanding 



56 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN, 

there were fourteen trains that passed to and from the 
city during the day, not the slightest accident occurred. 
" At the appointed time, the long train of cars drawn 
by the ' Iron Horse,' decked with the American ensign, 
was signalized from the bend at the entrance to the 
town, and was welcomed at the depot, amid the thunder- 
ing of cannon and the ringing of bells, while the long 
continued and deafening cheers of the multitude bespoke 
the grateful prompting of their hearts." 

Regular trains began to run April loth. The 

first time-table in the Boston papers reads : — 

BOSTON AND WORCESTER RAILROAD. 
BROOKLINE SPECIAL TRAINS. 

Leave Brookline at 8, 9 and 11 a.m., 2, 3^, 6 and 7^ p.m. 
Leave Boston at 8i and 10 A. m., 12^, 2^, 4^, 7 and 9^ 
p. M. 

All baggage at the risk of its owner. Fares are less 
when paid at the ticket offices than when paid in the cars. 

Boston, April 5, 1848. Wm. Parker, Sup't, 

In 1849 "after a protracted discussion" a vote 
was passed '*by a very large majority " to appoint 
a committee to oppose the construction of a 
public road ''from the northern end of the Mill- 
Dam road westerly through this town to Brighton 
line" by "every lawful and proper means, and 
employ counsel if they deem it necessary." 




— o ■:: rt 



< 


rr 


^ 5 ct 


^ 


I^ 


^Ix 




^ 


• .^^ 


z^ 




i; o; 


u 


c 


5i-s 


x; 


> 






O 


bc"^D 


2 


^ 


l-^j; 


— 


.cr 


hS^- 



1^ 


u 


- ^ != ,• 




Q 


|l§| 








:^ 


5 


li|^ 


— 


>■ 


Sc.°- 


i^ 


rt 


cT^^- i: 




£ 


= a; f^ S 


'Z 




T=-= C~ 


o 


^^ 




z 


3 






0) 


^lif 


o 


X 


1^°-^ 


H 


_o 


^^cn S 








W 


c 


Oj^r^j H 


> 


.> 


^js'sl 


H 

O 

o 


'fci 


3 aJ o ^ 

- r- ^ tA 


u 


■qh 


3 S 0^ c 


o 

H 


a 

2 


C/] 




3 >-c-^- 


3:i 




c-^ =^ CU 


E 




Ml 
m 



THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 57 

The section of this road west of Washington 
street was laid out in 1850, and the connection 
with the mill-dam in 185 1, the two parts form- 
ing Beacon street. In iSS6-y this road was 
made into a parkway, 160 to 180 feet in width. 
Of the entire cost, $615,000, the town paid 
1^465,000. In six years the land and buildings 
for five hundred feet on either side in Brookline 
increased in assessed values $4,330,400, or more 
than 500 per cent. The Telford macadam 
construction is used in the road-bed, and costs, 
including watering and the cutting of the grass, 
about $6,000 a year to maintain. 

The special provision for street cars on the 
Beacon street boulevard offered an opportunity 
to introduce rapid transit by electric cars. 
Electricity had been tried in the South in an 
almost primitive way, and success in Brookline 
after repeated and costly experiments, developed 
the first successful electric street railway in the 
world. 



58 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

The leading spirit in this movement was Mr. 
Henry M. Whitney, at about that time president 
of the West End Land Company, and of the 
West End Street Railway. Mr. Whitney is a 
son of the late General Whitney of the town, 
and a brother of the Hon. William C. Whitney 
of New York, ex-secretary of the navy. 

An active friend of the measure was the Hon. 
William Aspinwall, a leader in the town meet- 
ings of Brookline for half a century, town 
clerk, selectman, assessor, state representative 
and senator, and trustee of the Public Library 
until his death in 1892. Mr. Aspinwall was a 
whig and later a democrat. He always had a 
substantial following in spite of his very forcible 
way of putting things. 

A horse car line, running from each end of 
School street through the village by the ancient 
route of travel to Roxbury Crossing, was opened 
about 1858. Later, tracks were laid through 
Longwood avenue to Coolidge Corner. 



THE CIVIL WAR. 

The civil war awakened a very different 
spirit in Brookline from that aroused by the war 
of 1812. The bombardment of Fort Sumter, 
April 12, 1 86 1, and the attack upon a Massa- 
chusetts regiment in the streets of Baltimore 
April 19th, made the war seem unavoidable. 
While the preservation of the Union was the 
first rallying cry, long years of slave hunting in 
Boston and of slave harboring in Brookline, 
especially at the Philbrick house on Walnut 
street, then a station on the " underground rail- 
way," had developed an uncompromising attitude 
toward this distinguishing institution of the 
South. 

At a meeting held in Brookline April 20, 
1861, the presiding officer, John Howe, offered 
to transfer a land-warrant received for services 
in the war of 18 12 to the family who first lost a 
husband or father in the struggle. Subscription 



60 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

lists were opened and George B. Blake offered 
^1000. At the same meeting Wilder Dwight 
suggested the organization of one or more com- 
panies. On the 22d, the following citizens were 
chosen to serve the town as a military com- 
mittee for one year : Moses B. Williams, chair- 
man, James A. Dupee, Marshall Stearns, William 
K. Melcher, Nathaniel Lyford, Thomas B. Hall, 
Thomas Parsons, William Aspinwall, James 
Murray Howe and Edward A. Wild. 

During the two years in which this committee 
served. Dr. Hall resigned, and James Bartlett 
took Mr. Wild's place. Thereafter the select- 
men carried on the work. 

The first soldier to enlist, April 23d, was 
William D. Goddard, a grandson of William 
Dawes, the revolutionary patriot. On the 28th 
of April, Simon Cameron, secretary of war, 
authorized Wilder Dwight of Brookline and 
George L. Andrews to raise a regiment in 
Massachusetts for service during the war. Mr. 




W 'X 

- 



:5 x 



THE CIVIL WAR. 6 1 

Dwight became major of the 2d regiment of 
infantry in May. His enthusiasm, untiring 
energy and ability, promised a distinguished 
career. In the regiment's first action he was 
captured, and after being exchanged returned to 
his post. He was mortally wounded at the 
battle of Antietam and lay all night under the 
fire of both armies. His death occurred a few 
days later in a house near the battlefield. A 
fine portrait of Major Dwight by Eastman 
Johnson hangs in the Public Library. 

The town hired a hall in the Guild block at 
the corner of Boylston and Washington streets, 
and recruiting and drilling began. In May 
Edward A. Wild received a commission as cap- 
tain of a new company, with William L. Candler 
and Charles L. Chandler as lieutenants, and on 
May 25, 1861, Colonel Harrington of Brookline 
mustered them into the United States service 
as Company A of the ist Massachusetts 
volunteer infantry. 



62 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Captain (later Brigadier General) Wild was 
born in Brookline, November 25, 1825, the son 
of Dr. Charles Wild. After graduating at Har- 
vard and the Jefferson Medical College of Phila- 
delphia he began to practice. While traveling 
in Europe some time after this he took too much 
interest in Garibaldi's campaign and was arrested. 
In 1855 he was married, and at once set out for 
Turkey, where his services as surgeon were 
accepted for the Crimean war. General Wild 
served through the civil war, was mustered out 
January 15, 1866, and died at Medellin, Colombia, 
August 28, 1 891. 

Lieutenant Candler was the son of Captain 
John Candler of the navy, and a brother of the 
Hon. John W. Candler of Brookline, at one time 
a member of congress. He rose rapidly during 
the war, and at its close engaged in mining until 
his death in 1893. 

Lieutenant Chandler was the son of Theo- 
philus P. Chandler of Brookline, and a brother 



THE CIVIL WAR. 63 

of Alfred D. Chandler, Esq. ; their sister married 
Lieutenant Candler in 1862. March 6, 1864, 
Chandler was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of 
the 57th regiment, which he commanded at the 
battle of the Wilderness, and until his death, 
May 24, 1864, from wounds received at North 
Anna River. 

On the 15th of June the ist regiment, of 
which Company A formed a part, started for the 
front, the first three years' regiment to reach 
Washington. The town had provided gener- 
ously for the company, and the women had 
made clothing for each man's comfort. Among 
the volunteers was Herbert Barlow of Brookline, 
■a kinsman of General Francis Barlow. His 
letters, with one by General Wild, throw a glow 
of life into the events of the first year's service 
of the company. They are the letters of one 
hardly more than a boy, and their unaffected 
language gives a picture not to be found in any 
official records. The first letter dated at Wash- 



64 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

ington, June i8, 1861, tells how he "walked 
over to Cambridge and got there just in time to 
catch the horse-cars, getting to the camp about 
seven o'clock." In the course of the forenoon 
they had their haversacks, canteens, etc., given 
to them, together with four days' rations of hard 
bread and ham. In the afternoon they marched 
to Boston, took the train to Groton and went by 
boat to Jersey City. They marched through 
Baltimore "with fixed bayonets and loaded 
muskets," and in course of time arrived at their 
quarters in Pennsylvania avenue in Washing- 
ton, "gloriously tired and hungry." In the 
second letter he relates : " I was walking up and 
down my beat, thinking of home, when I saw 
two horsemen coming out of the camp. Down 
came my gun to the charge, and stopped them 
with ' Who goes there ? ' They answered ' Grand 
round,' and after giving the countersign, which 
was 'Maine,' passed on. A few minutes after 
another man came up who proved to be the 



THE CIVIL WAR. 6$ 

colonel, and said : ' I am glad you stopped those 
fellows. I wouldn't have had them get by you 
without being challenged for a good deal' " 

A short note written in pencil and dated " In 
the woods near Centreville, Va., July 19, 
1 86 1," begins " Dear Mother : We had a pretty 
hard fight yesterday, near Manassas Junction, our 
company being in the thickest of the fire. Had 
to retreat, as the enemy was too strong for us. 
We are however marching forward again today, 
and shall probably have hot work before night." 
With what anxiety must a mother have awaited 
news after such a letter ! 

The next letter is dated " Camp Banks, July 
23d, 1861." After describing the march to 
Bull Run where they met the enemy, he con- 
tinues : — 

" We formed in a deep gully and marched steadily up 
the hill, on the top of which the enemy were posted in 
large numbers ; after one or two fires we were compelled 
to retreat, but formed again in the gully, and deployed as 
skirmishers. Then each man had to look out for himself 



66 BROOKL[NE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

and I went dodging along behind the trees, close beside 
Captain Adams. While I stood near him a rifle ball 
struck a tree between us. knocking off a piece of bark 
which hit him in the eye, blacking it all round. Our 
forces had posted two pieces of artillery on the edge of 
the woods to support us, but the rebels kept up such a 
fire that they retreated, leaving one gun behind them. 
Our captain called up a lot of us boys and ordered us to 
fire into the woods over the cannon, which we did till the 
gunners came back and hitching on their horses retreated 
in safety. The fire of the rebels in the meanwhile was 
so galling that we again retreated to the gully. Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Wells then asked for volunteers to go up and 
bring down the wounded, when our whole company said 
they would go, but the moment we showed our heads over 
the hill, the enemy poured in volley after volley upon us 
till the officers said it was madness to go further, so we 
retreated from the woods covered by the 2d Michigans. 
Then we went over the hill behind our artillery, which 
kept up a fire until nearly dark, when the whole brigade 
retreated about a mile, when we laid on our guns all 
night. The next morning I sent a bit of a note to you 
by a gentleman who was going to Boston, which I sup- 
pose you got. We stayed in the woods until Sunday, 
when we had another battle, our regiment having the 
post of honor, which was covering the artillery. We had 
no fighting, however and were the last to leave the field. 
The division on the right of us had a terrible fight and 
was cut all to pieces. The N. Y. Fire Zouaves have only 
four hundred left, and the Massachusetts Fifth lost so 



THE CIVIL WAR. dj 

many that they could not march over their dead. We 

had an hours sleep and then commenced our retreat, 

marching nearly forty miles from twelve o'clock Sunday 

night to yesterday afternoon, about 14 hours. When we 

got to Camp Banks we were almost dead with fatigue 

and wet through with rain. Some hundred or two men 

fell down with fatigue on the road, and have not yet got 

into camp. Will Conway is well. The exact number of 

killed and wounded I don't know, but you will probably 

see it in the papers. It is reported that we march to 

Arlington Heights this afternoon, but I don't know how 

true it is. On our retreat we had nothing to eat, our last 

rations having been dealt out Sunday morning; so when 

we got into camp last night the coffee and bread the 

sick ones had ready for us, disappeared like magic. 

" Love to Anna. 

Herbert." 

The next letter is dated at Arlington, Va., 
July 25, 1861. 

'•'■Dear Mother : — Yesterday that box of yours arrived 
in safety, after laying in the express office in Georgetown 
nearly a week. You know it got there just after I left 
'for the war.' 

" In my last letter I was too tired to write much of an 
account about our fights, though I did write something 
about the first one, which took place last Thursday. On 
Sunday we had another one, but our regiment was posted 
in the woods to support the artillery, and so could not see 
much. It appears, however, that the division on our 



68 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

right was badly whipped, for we retreated all night, 
marching over thirty-five miles in fourteen hours, and 
when you recollect that we have big heavy shoes on our 
feet, a gun on our shoulder, two blankets (rubber and 
woolen) on our back, together with a haversack and 
canteen, you will see that is anything but play. All 
along the road we saw wagons tipped over and aban- 
doned, which was a perfect godsend to us poor fellows, 
for we had had no rations delivered to us since Saturday 
morning, and in the wagons were plenty of good crackers, 
which you may be sure we pitched into with a will. 

" Captain Wild is now as popular among us as he was 
unpopular before, he having behaved like a brick all 
through the fight, handhng a musket and fighting like a 
tiger. 

" It is all very well for anyone in Massachusetts to run 
down our colonel while we are away, but after the 
' gallant first ' gets home, whoever speaks against him 
will be in danger of being knocked down. Anyone who 
doubts his bravery should have seen him when the 
cannons were playing upon us, and they would change 
their minds. 

" You ask me ' if I don't wish I was at home again.' 
That I do ! I've had enough of soldiering, and would 
give ' all my boots and shoes ' for an honorable discharge. 
Not that I care for the fighting, but the marches I can't 
stand. 

" This afternoon we march to Fort Albany, about two 
miles from here, nearer Washington, where we shall 
probably stay awhile. 



THE CIVIL WAR. 69 

" I wish you would make two or three strips of tape 
H. S. Barlow, 
Co, F, First Regiment Mass. Volunteers, 
and send them in your next letter. All the letters which 
had come to Camp Banks while we were away, were sent 
to us to Bull's Run, and were brought up to us while we 
were in the woods during the progress of the fight on 
Sunday. You would have been amused to have seen us 
fellows standing and laying around with our guns at our 
sides, reading a word or two, and then looking across the 
field to see if the enemy were making any movement; 
the cannons thundering away and the air full of smoke. 

" We didn't any of us know but what it might be the 
last time we should ever hear from home, and, therefore, 
devoured every word. 

" Cliff thanks Tom for his present. 

Herbert, 
" Direct as usual. H. W. B." 

In a letter from Camp Union, October lO, 
1 86 1, he describes the rebel flag taken some 
days before: "The stars are five pointed, nine in 
number, arranged in a circle of eight with one in 
the center." 

A few words at the end of a letter from Budd's 
Ferry, dated Nov. 15, 1861, show the solicitude 
that many mothers must have felt at the 



70 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

announcements from time to time in the daily 
papers, of soldiers shot for falling asleep while 
on picket duty. 

General Wild in a letter dated at Camp 
Hooker, Budd's Ferry, Nov. 26, 1861, sent to the 
war committee a grateful acknowledgment of 
shirts, stockings, mittens, etc., made by the 
ladies of the First Parish. He then told how on 
November 14, 1861, a schooner attempted to 
pass up the Potomac, but was becalmed within 
range of the rebel batteries. The crew, who had 
been under constant fire for most of the fore- 
noon, abandoned her, and the rebels soon rowed 
a boat out and went on board. Lieutenant 
Candler, who was watching the enemy, sent a 
messenger on horseback three miles down the 
shore to the camp. Captain Wild, officer of the 
day, at once ordered Company A under Lieuten- 
ant Chandler to the landing place. Thirty-three 
men all told put off in the largest boat with 
Wild and Chandler, and after a pull of three miles 



THE CIVIL WAR. 7 1 

came alongside the schooner which was already 
in flames. She was loaded with firewood, and 
although the men expected an explosion at any 
moment they, by the greatest exertion, threw 
the deckload overboard and extinguished the 
fire. During this time the enemy sent eighty- 
three shots through the rigging and into the 
water. At last the anchor was hoisted, the jib 
and flying jib set, and she was worked up the 
river out of range. '* Company A," wrote their 
captain, '' behaved admirably ; perfectly steady." 

Of the (i^j men of proper age in Brookline, 
only 378 were declared suitable for service at 
the front. Companies of volunteers were formed 
for daily drill on the Town Hall grounds. Two 
field pieces were procured, and the men who 
perfected themselves in the use of these almost 
all became members in September, 1861, of the 
loth Massachusetts battery. 

Meanwhile, the boys between the ages of 
twelve and fifteen organized the Brookline Rifles, 



72 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN, 

and became so proficient that they were asked 
to give exhibitions in other towns. The girls 
carried linen to school, and during recess picked 
lint to be sent to the hospitals. 

On the 31st of January, 1862, Herbert Barlow 
was accidentally shot, and was brought home and 
buried with military honors. News came late 
one Saturday night in August of the second 
battle of Bull Run, and the loss of the hospital 
stores. Mr. George B. Blake at once notified 
all the ministers, and Sunday morning the con- 
gregations were dismissed to prepare bandages 
and supplies to be sent south. Hon. Ginery 
Twitchell, president of the Boston & Worcester 
railroad, lived on Kent street at this time. He 
immediately telegraphed for cars and engines to 
carry goods and surgeons to Washington. Two 
loaded freight cars were sent in from Brookline 
before sundown, and these with eight from 
Boston reached Washington early Tuesday 
morning. Mr. Twitchell, Dr. Tappan E. Francis 



THE CIVIL WAR. 73 

and others went with the train. When Mr. 
Twitchell returned, a meeting was held in the 
Baptist church, at which he read a letter 
from President Lincoln to the people of 
Brookline. 

Years afterward, Mr. Twitchell entertained in 
Brookline the great military leader of the war. 
General U. S. Grant. The general walked into 
the fields east of Kent street to see some wild 
animals kept by Mr. Twitchell's son. 

Through 1863, 1864 and 1865, patriotic meet- 
ings were held and the work of recruiting went 
on systematically. At the meetings patriotic 
speeches were made by prominent officers from 
different parts of the country, and by soldiers 
home on furlough, or by Moses B. Williams, 
William Aspinwall, AmoS A. Lawrence, J. Murray 
Howe, William A. Wellman, Mr. Blake, W. Y. 
Gross, Ginery Twitchell, Thomas Parsons and 
other citizens. Between the speeches the band 
played popular music. Mr. Williams, Mr. Howe, 



74 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Edward Atkinson and many others pledged 
large sums of money. 

The names of those who came forward and 
enlisted would fill many pages, and it seems 
unjust to single out any for mention in so short 
a sketch. Their names are recorded at the end 
of this book, where will be found also the names 
of many of the present citizens (1897), who 
served in the army or navy before they came to 
Brookline. 

In New York, Colonel Frank Howe, a Brook- 
line man doing business there, opened his store 
to the sick and wounded Massachusetts soldiers, 
who were being helped on their way toward the 
North. He not only raised funds for this object, 
but also helped to keep up the spirits of the 
supporters of the government. 

When at last the news came that the war was 
over, the church bells were rung throughout the 
town, and the houses were trimmed with bunt- 
ing. Brookline had furnished 720 men, over one 



THE CIVIL WAR. 75 

hundred more than had been demanded. Of 
these about one-third were citizens of the town. 
Of the whole number enlisted, seventy-two were 
killed. The town spent during the war the sum 
of ^134,244.99, and the women are said to have 
spent an additional ^20,000 in their work. 



ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. 

In looking at Brookline on the map, two facts 
are worthy of notice ; first, that the town, which 
has been a part of Norfolk county since 1793, 
is entirely separated from the rest of the county, 
as is the case in certain parts of England ; and 
secondly, that Boston almost surrounds the town. 
As Brookline has wealth, two results were inev- 
itable, a desire on the part of Boston to annex 
the smaller neighbor, and a determination on the 
part of Norfolk county not to lose so valuable a 
territory. How pov.^erful these forces are may 
be estimated from the figures so ably presented 
by Alfred D. Chandler, Esq., in a pamphlet 
entitled, " Brookline, a Study in Town Govern- 
ment." The metropolitan district of Boston 
within a radius of about ten miles of the Brookline 
Town Hall, contains a million people. From 
1882 to 1892 this district gained in assessed 




c^; 



^ oC\2 ^y 



From a photograph taken in 1892. 
his fortieth year of service as town clerk. 



To face p. "7. 



ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. 7/ 

valuation over $353,000,000. During this time 
Chicago, perhaps the most wonderful example 
of the growth of a modern city, gained but 
^118,373,601, in assessed valuation, or less 
than one-half, while the greater population was 
at this time in Chicago. 

In 1870 an unsuccessful attempt was made to 
annex " towns and parts of towns lying within 
six miles of the City Hall of the city of Boston 
on the southerly side of Charles River." Two 
years later some Brookline citizens petitioned for 
annexation and the matter came up again. The 
arguments advanced by Hamilton A. Hill, and 
approved by a majority of the commission 
appointed by the mayor of Boston in 1872, have 
in great measure lost what force they once had. 
Brookline now has the broad streets leading to 
Boston, which he thought annexation would 
bring. The problems of water supply and sew- 
age are being solved by metropolitan commis- 
sions. His best argument was, however, that 



^S BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Brighton, since the slaughter-houses were better 
managed, should be improved in connection with 
the adjacent territory " on a broad and compre- 
hensive plan " that " its many picturesque situa- 
tions" might " attract a large number of people." 
This yoke Brookline was to bear. 

On May i6, 1873, an act was passed to 
annex Brookline to Boston, to take effect if a 
majority of the voters, on the first Tuesday of 
October, 1873, signified their approval. Thirteen 
days later a bill in equity was filed by T. P. 
Chandler, Augustus Lowell, Ignatius Sargent, 
John L. Gardner, Amos A. Lawrence, Robert 
Amory, T. E. Francis, James S. Amory, John 
C. Abbott and Isaac Taylor, all of Brookline, to 
restrain Boston and Brookline from proceeding 
under this act. June 24th, A. D. Chandler, 
Esq., presented an argument for the bill, on the 
ground that *'the citizens of the town of Brook- 
line had and have the right to a popular form of 
municipal government, guaranteed to them by 



ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. /Q 

the constitution of Massachusetts, and that as 
the annexation of Brookhne to the city of Boston 
would subject them to a representative form of 
government, this guaranteed right would be lost 
and the constitution be violated." 

The court did not take this view of the case, 
and the popular vote on October 7th saved the 
town. This vote of 707 to 299 was the result of 
hard work as well as good judgment. The 
advocates of annexation persisted in the ftght, 
saying there was a ring at the Town Hall, and 
that town government was a failure. 

The following extract from the annual report 
of the selectmen, March, 1874, was probably 
written by the chairman, Mr. Charles D. Head : — 

^' The town is once more called on to defend 
itself from being absorbed — a worse fate than 
befell the prophet Jonah, for he was swallowed 
singly, while if we go down we shall find 
previous competitors for internal advantages, 
and if dissatisfied with the want of accommoda- 



80 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

tion, or if we disagree with our hospitable host, 
we shall not be likely to recover our liberty, or 
identity, as he did." 

In 1875, 1876 and 1879 unsuccessful attempts 
were made. In October, 1879, the last serious 
struggle began. The petition in favor of annex- 
ation, dated October 20, 1879, bore 333 names. 
Mr. Chandler, in his argument for Brookline 
before the committee on towns of the legisla- 
ture, states that these represented about seven 
per cent of the valuation of the town. Eight 
names on the list appeared twice, 210 only repre- 
sented legal voters and 74 did not appear on the 
voting or property lists of the town. A test 
vote was taken in the spring, which resulted in 
541 votes against annexation and 272 votes in its 
favor. The committee on towns heard all sides, 
including the protest of Norfolk county, and 
their report against annexation was accepted by 
the legislature. Mr. Chandler, in reply to those 
who claimed that men who do business in Boston 



ATTEMPTS AT ANNEXATION. 8 1 

should vote there, said: "It is apparent that 
the great fortunes of the heavy tax-payers of 
Brookhne have been made largely outside of 
Boston, and not within it, otherwise Boston 
would not only be the hub but the whole of the 
universe. The world at large, all parts of which 
have paid tribute to Boston merchants, would 
ridicule the monstrous conceit which attributed 
to Boston itself the fortunes its merchants have 
made." 

West Roxbury and Brighton were annexed 
to Boston in 1873. In 1880 the valuation of the 
former alone exceeded that of Brookline. In 
1893, although the area of the two towns was 
more than double that of Brookline, the valuation 
of Brookline exceeded that of West Roxbury 
and Brighton combined. 

In November, 1894, the metropolitan park 
commission had a hearing in the Town Hall to 
ascertain public opinion in regard to placing the 
parks, sewers, schools, police, etc., of Boston and 



82 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

the neighboring towns under one government, 
or to annex the towns. Brookline favored some 
form of metropolitan system with limited powers. 
But the interest was slight and the matter was 
dropped. 



THE LAST QUARTER OF THE NINETEENTH 
CENTURY. 

Of three streams which influence the topog- 
raphy of Brookline, one — Smelt brook — running 
close to Judge Sewall's three farms, Brooklin, 
Swamplin and Hogs-coat, gave the town its 
name ; another — the Village brook — now disap- 
pearing in a culvert, guided the course of the 
village railroad ; and Muddy river, which gave 
Brookline its earliest designation, is the origin of 
a parkway. 

In the earliest days sailing vessels came up 
Muddy river as far as the present Longwood 
avenue bridge to the oyster beds, and later to 
the brick and lumber yards. When the mill- 
dam was built in 1821 this traffic was cut off. 
March 30, 1880, the subject of the '' Improve- 
ment of Muddy river" was referred to a com- 
mittee, consisting of the selectmen and three 



84 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

park commissioners elected at the same meeting. 
These commissioners, F. W. Lawrence, Theo- 
dore Lyman and Charles S. Sargent, presented 
a plan, prepared by Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted 
of Brookline, for a " continuous promenade " 
extending from the Common through Common- 
wealth avenue, and through grounds laid out on 
either side of Muddy river to Jamaica pond. 
The plan was printed in colors in the town 
report for 1881. Part of the land to be acquired 
lay in Boston and part in Brookline. Delays 
were occasioned by the fact that Boston had 
reached her debt limit, and by the high prices 
asked by some of the land owners. The work 
went steadily on, however, and as early as 1883 
the new improvement was called Riverdale park. 
In 1895 ^^^ commissioners reported that the 
work of construction was substantially finished. 
The total cost of the park, including mainte- 
nance, less the amount received for betterments, 
was $457,069.97. Thus the marshes of ancient 




O '■-' 



LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY. 85 

Muddy river have been transformed into a 
beautiful parkway of drives and walks, grassy 
mounds, shrubs and trees. 

Brookline was a part of Suffolk county until 
June 20, 1793, when the act of March 26th, to 
set off Norfolk county (second of the name) 
took effect. Brookline became a part of the new 
county, and still holds this relation, although 
through the encroachments of Boston on the 
surrounding territory the town has been entirely 
separated from Dedham, the county seat. The 
new court-house at Dedham was dedicated June 
20, 1895, and a handsome memorial of the 
occasion has been published. The county 
commissioners were charged with extravagance, 
and as Brookline pays about thirty-five per cent 
of the total Norfolk county tax, the town took 
a leading part in the investigations. 

In 1880 there was an unsuccessful attempt to 
erect and maintain a public bath-house under 
the acts of 1874. On April 18, 1883, an 



S6 brookline: a favored town. 

appropriation of ;^3,ooo was made for " one or 
more public bath-houses." In 1890 Robert 
Bishop, chairman of a committee on free warm 
baths, recommended a bath-house and swimming- 
tank, to be erected on Tappan street, but the plan 
was given up. In April, 1895, the subject of 
improved bathing facilities came up in town 
meeting, and was referred to a committee con- 
sisting of Dr. H. Lincoln Chase, Mr. James B. 
Hand, and Miss Martha W. Edgerly. On 
October 24th, after some discussion, the town 
voted to have a new public bath at a cost 
of $25,000. The building committee was to 
include the former committee and the board of 
selectmen. January 30, 1896, the cost of con- 
struction was allowed to be $40,000, exclusive 
of the land on the southern side of Tappan 
street and of furnishing. The bath-house was 
finished in December, 1896. Under the general 
direction of Dr. Chase, whose knowledge of the 
subject and unceasing activity were invaluable 



LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY. 8/ 

to the town, aided by an efficient committee, a 
building has been constructed with rain baths, 
tubs, a tank eighty feet by twenty-six feet, lined 
with English white-glazed brick, a tank twenty- 
two feet by ten feet, about fifty dressing-rooms 
with front and rear entrances, a gallery or 
running track, toilet rooms, and a small laundry 
for towels and trunks. The architect, Mr. F. 
Joseph Untersee of Brookline, has planned 
one of the few public buildings architecturally 
creditable to the town. The construction was 
intrusted to King & Hodge, Kenrick Brothers, 
Mr. John F. Fleming, and other Brookline 
contractors. The inscription cut in stone over 
the entrance reads : — 

THE HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE 
THE BEGLXNLNG OF HAPPINESS. 

The interior is brightened by lettering on the 
walls: the vote in town meeting, quotations 
from the poets, and the names of famous swim- 
mers, Ulysses, Leander, Thermuthis, Horatius, 



88 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Caesar, Charlemagne, Olaf Trygvesson, Nicolo 
of Cola, Wynman, Franklin, Von Pfuel, Webb. 
The dedicatory exercises took place January i, 

1897. 

At the close of the nineteenth century increase 
in population about the old centers of growth 
has become less marked ; while new centers, 
like Mr. Knapp's beautiful Beaconsfield terraces 
at the northerly end of Tappan street, Mr. 
McKay's Babcock farm allotment, and the allot- 
ments near Chestnut Hill station are attracting 
the seekers for homes. If Brookline is favored 
in the character of those who come, it is largely 
due to efficient administration of town affairs. 
At the town meetings, where every citizen has 
a voice, town officers are elected, appropriations 
are made, and projects are discussed. With a 
population large enough to entitle Brookline to 
a city charter, the necessarily large volume of 
business is transacted quickly and safely at town 
meetings because the '' Committee of twenty " 




M Si 






LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY. 89 

(appointed by the moderator at the annual town 
meeting) examines and comments in a printed 
report upon each subject to be brought before 
the people. This report and the annual town 
report insure publicity. 

The magnitude of the interests involved may 
be inferred from a synopsis of the report of the 
town treasurer, Mr. George H. Worthley, for the 
year ending February 15, 1897: — 

Treasury receipts from all sources . . . $1,640,077 81 
Total payments 1,596,410 37 

Cash on hand $43,667 44 

Entire debt (including $727,172 for water) $2,079,212 00 

Sinking fund securities (at par) and cash $491,982 03 

Assessed value of real estate $45,802,600 00 

Assessed value of personal estate . . . 15,194,200 00 

Total valuation $60,996,800 00 



Tax rate $12.40 per $1000 

Population, estimated 17.000 

Polls assessed 4.562 

If there is some local pride in Brookline, has 
it sprung from unworthy sources ? Is it not the 



90 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

pride that comes from an inheritance well 
administered, a beautiful home-spot made more 
beautiful by industry and temperance ? As 
Brookline has emulated the good in other com- 
munities, may not other towns profit by that 
loyalty and that public spirit which characterize 
every good citizen within its borders ? 

It should be said that this narrative of particu- 
lar events in Brookline history does not mention 
adequately some who have been most closely 
associated with the progress of the town : 
Horace James, chairman of the board of select- 
men; Benjamin F. Baker, town clerk; William 
H. Lincoln, chairman, and William T. R. 
Marvin, secretary, of the school committee. 



BROOKLINE IN LITERATURE AND THE 
ARTS. 

In these days the name of Brookline is asso- 
ciated with the possession of wealth. Yet 
throughout the town's history Hterature has 
been represented in a degree somewhat unusual 
outside of a college town. The beginnings of 
Brookline are linked with two names eminent 
in early history. Governor John Winthrop was 
the first writer to mention the town. In his 
Journal he records that in 1632 "notice being 
given of ten Sagamores and many Indians 
being assembled at Muddy River, the Governor 
sent Captain Underbill with twenty musketeers 
to make discoveries, but at Roxbury they 
heard that they were broken up." But neither 
Winthrop nor Rev. John Cotton, the first 
owner of land in Brookline, came here to live. 
Another great land owner, who made visits to 



92 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

the town, was Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, 
author of the famous Diary. His son lived on 
the southeastern corner of Beacon and Harvard 
streets ; but his diary is little known, although 
the chief justice's frank confessions of love- 
making might be matched by his son Samuel's 
entry: "January 22, 1714-15, went to Boston, 
intending to live at my father's untill I could 
find better treatment in my own." Joshua 
Scottow of Boston, one of the early grantees, 
was the author of "Old Men's Tears for their 
own Declensions" (1691), and of "A Narrative 
of the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony " 

(1694). 

The Rev. James Allen, first minister of the 
town, published in 1722 a sermon with the title : 

What shall I Render ! 
a Thanksgiving SERMON 
Preached at Brooklin, i^oij, 8th, 1722. 
From Psalm CXVI, 12. 

Writings by the following Brookline ministers 
were collected by Dr. Pierce and have been 







To face p. 93- 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 93 

deposited by the First Parish church at the 
Public Library : Rev. James Allen, seven ; Rev. 
Nathaniel Potter, one ; Rev. John Pierce, twenty- 
one, and a manuscript volume of sermons. In 
1 73 1 the famous lawyer Jeremy Gridley, later 
of Brookline, started and edited a weekly paper 
called the Rehearsal. His style was rather 
affected. 

Miss Hannah Adams, one of the most dis- 
tinguished women of her day in America, has 
already been mentioned. She was born at 
Medfield in 1756, the daughter of a store-keeper 
of considerable education, who could claim 
kinship with President John Adams. Poverty 
came upon her unexpectedly, and her efforts 
to find a support by making pillow lace, braiding 
straw, or teaching school were not very success- 
ful. She had studied Greek and Latin, and 
was fond of history and theology. The intoler- 
ance of religious authors of the day led her to 
think of writing a " View of Religious Opinions," 



94 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

a work treating of various denominations. It 
appeared in 1784, and with other books brought 
her a partial support, eked out in her decHning 
years by an allowance from Rev. J. S. Buckmin- 
ster, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Stephen Higginson, 
and others who admired her ability and were 
attracted by her refined, sensitive nature. 

Miss Woods records two incidents which Dr. 
Pierce was fond of relating. Miss Adams had 
spent the night with a friend. In the morning 
she prepared for breakfast and went to the door. 
The knob "refused to pull out or push in, or 
lift up or go down. It never occurred to her 
to ticrn it, so she labored at the refractory thing 
till, finding it all in vain, she sat down and waited 
till a maid-servant finally came and let her out." 
At another time, while boarding with Mr. 
Perkins in Leverett street, Boston, she paid a 
visit, and then called a carriage to take her 
home. She told the driver to take her to Mr. 
Leverett' s on Perkins street. He searched until 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 95 

eleven o'clock that evening for Perkins street, 
and at last drove back to his employer, who 
looked in at the window and exclaimed, *' Oh, 
that's Miss Hannah Adams ! carry her to Mr. 
Perkins's on Leverett street." She was so fond 
of reading at the Athenaeum that the librarian 
once or twice locked her in while he went to 
dinner, and upon his return found her still at 
work, all unconscious of his absence. Miss 
Adams, when she grew feeble, came to board at 
Mrs. Walley's, on the northwestern corner of 
School and Washington streets, west of the site 
of the present Bethany building, where she died 
November 15, 1832. A portrait by Chester 
Harding was painted at the request of friends 
for the Boston Athenaeum. Her autobiography 
was edited and published after her death by the 
sister of Rev. J. S. Buckminster, Mrs. Eliza B. 
Lee, of Brookline. 

The Buckminsters came from Thomas Buck- 
minster, author of an ^Imanac printed in London 



96 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

in 1599. His grandson Thomas of Muddy 
River had a grandson Joseph of Framingham, 
who married Martha, daughter of Lieutenant 
Sharp of the Sudbury fight. Their son, Colonel 
Joseph, was a prominent military and civil 
officer, and Joseph's son. Colonel William 
Buckminster, was wounded at Bunker Hill. 
William's cousin. Rev. Joseph Buckminster, was 
the father of the pastor of the Brattle street 
church, and of Eliza who married Thomas Lee. 
In the Lee house near the Roxbury line and 
Perkins street, Mrs. Lee wrote some of her 
best books. Her " Sketches of New England " 
appeared in 1837, her *' Naomi," with its beauti- 
ful descriptions of colonial Brookline, in 1848, 
and her Memoirs of her father and brother in 
1849. Thomas Carlyle said that this last work 
gave him "a much better account of the higher 
sort of character of New England than anything 
he had seen since Franklin's writings." She 
died in Brookline June 22, 1864. 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 97 

Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson, author 
of *'Army Life in a Black Regiment," "Out- 
Door Papers," " Life of Margaret Fuller," 
" Common-sense about Women," and " Mal- 
bone," spent the greater part of the years 1842 
and 1843 in Brookline, as a private tutor to the 
three young sons of his cousin, Stephen H. 
Perkins, nephew of Colonel Thomas H. Perkins, 
the leading merchant of Boston. Here ''cousins 
and friends came, time-honored acquaintances of 
the old gentleman, eminent public men, Mr. 
Prescott the historian, or Daniel Webster him- 
self, received like a king." Meanwhile he read 
Mrs. Lee's "Jean Paul Richter," and Richter's 
" Siebenkas," which gave attractive pictures of 
a life devoted to literature. In the Atlantic for 
January, 1897, he writes: — 

" With all this social and intellectual occupa- 
tion, much of my Brookline life was lonely and 
meditative; my German romance made me a 
dreamer, and I spent much time in the woods, 



98 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

nominally botanizing, but in reality trying to 
adjust myself, being still only nineteen or 
twenty, to the problems of life." He wandered 
about the shores of Hammond's pond, where the 
Andromeda polifolia and the pink Cypripedhim 
or lady's slipper grew ; and climbed the hills 
while ''the sweet bell of the Newton Theological 
Seminary on its isolated hill would peal out 
what seemed like the Angelus." In September, 
1843, Mr. Higginson returned to Cambridge to 
study. 

In 1871-72 Miss Harriet F. Woods, a teacher 
in the schools, published in the Brookline 
Transcript a series of articles on local history. 
These sketches were gathered into a volume in 
1874 under the title "Historical Sketches of 
Brookline, Mass." Through the efforts of Miss 
Abby L. Pierce (Dr. Pierce's daughter), and Mr. 
Robert S. Davis the financial difficulties were 
overcome. Miss Woods's work was the result 
of laborious research and a fondness for her 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 99 

task which opened every door to her. There are 
few town histories as readable as this anecdotal 
visitation which Miss Woods made twenty-five 
years ago, and her memory should always be 
held in honor for her unselfish efforts to pre- 
serve the romance of early Brookline. She was 
born January 23, 1828, and began her career as 
a teacher at the age of fifteen. She taught 
in the public schools of Brookline for twenty- 
three years. Her death occurred in Newton, 
where she had gone for her health, October 
8, 1879. 

Eliakim Littell, founder of LittelVs Living 
A^e, was born in Burlington, N. J., in 1797, and 
died in Brookline May 17, 1870. His first paper 
was the National Recorde7% which he carried on 
under this and other names for over twenty 
years. In 1844 he came to Boston and started 
the Living Age, in which he continued the 
traditions of the earlier publication. It was later 
edited by Miss Susan Littell, his daughter. He 



100 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

was the author of the ** Compromise Tariff " 
passed during President Jackson's administra- 
tion, and took an active interest in Brookline 
affairs, particularly in those relating to parks 
and schools. 

Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, speaker of the 
national house of representatives, was a volu- 
minous writer. His orations at Brookline, at 
Plymouth, at Bunker Hill, at Washington, and 
at Yorktown, will always be prized. His life 
of John Winthrop and his own autobiographical 
sketches are the scholarly work of his leisure 
hours. He died in Boston November i6, 1894. 

George Makepeace Towle lived for a number 
of years in Brookline, and was a trustee of the 
Public Library from 1873 to 1887. Many pages 
of the records are in his handwriting. Mr. 
Towle was United States consul at Nantes, and 
later at Bradford. He returned to Boston in 
1870 and led an active life as editor and author. 
He was president of the Papyrus Club in 1880, 




MISS HARRIET F. WOODS. 

Author of ■■ Historicr.l Sketches of B/ookiine."" 

From a photograph lent by \V. V. (iross, Esq. To face p. loi. 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. lOI 

a delegate to the Republican national convention 
at Chicago in 1888, and a state senator in 1890 
and 1891. Among his books are ''American 
Society," 1870, "The Eastern Question," 1877, 
"Principalities of the Danube," 1877, and 
"Young Folks' Heroes of History," a series 
of biographies. Mr. Towle died in Brookline 
August 8, 1893. 

Hon. Charles Carleton Coffin, author of " The 
Boys of '^6,'' " Old Times in the Colonies," 
"The Story of Liberty," and other stirring 
books for boys, had but just moved to Shailer 
street, and had shown, by his fine address before 
the High School, an interest in the town, when 
he died, March 2, 1896. 

Among the residents of the town who have 
died or moved away were Frederic Henry Hedge, 
one of the profound scholars of the middle of 
the century ; Rev. J. Lewis Dinan, an historical 
writer of unusual power; Hon. David Hall Rice, 
author of an able work on " Protective 



102 BROOKLINE ! A FAVORED TOWN. 

Philosophy ;" William Ware, author of "Zenobia" 
and " Probus ; " Samuel A. Goddard, writer of 
local history ; George B. Emerson, the educator ; 
Commander Winfield S. Schley ; Rev. John 
Seely Stone ; Rev. Francis Wharton, a distin- 
guished legal writer; Rev. William Wilberforce 
Newton ; Bishop William Lawrence ; Colonel 
William L. Chase ; and Miss Susan E. Blow, 
writer for the kindergarten. 

Of the present writers, who have published 
books or pamphlets, mention should be made of 
Edward Atkinson, the economist ; Colonel 
Theodore A.' Dodge, the military writer ; Percival 
Lowell, traveler and astronomer ; Edward 
Stanwood, author of a work on " Presidential 
elections;" J. Elliot Cabot, author of a life of 
Emerson ; Charles Sprague Sargent, author of 
" The Silva of North America ; " Desmond Fitz- 
Gerald, writer on engineering and water supply ; 
Captain R. G. F. Candage, Bradford Kingman, 
William I. Bowditch, S. N. D. North, James 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. IO3 

Jeffrey Roche, Rev. Reuen Thomas, Samuel T. 
Button, Alfred D. Chandler, Robert Amory, 
Walter Channing, H. Lincoln Chase, Prentiss 
Cummings, Hon. M. P. Kennard, J. Geddes, Jr., 
Reginald H. Howe, Jr., E. P. Vining, S. Arthur 
Bent, Harrison Ellery, George H. Monroe, Horace 
W. Fuller, Prescott F. Hall, Dana Estes, Richard 
Soule, Charles C. Soule, Rev. George C. Lorimer, 
William D. Orcutt, Prof. John D. Runkle, Rev. 
Julius H. Ward, Ernest F. Henderson, Henry 
V. Poor, F. L. Olmsted, Osborne Howes, 
Andrew J. George, C. A. W. Spencer, Colonel 
Thomas H. Talbot, Miss Agnes Blake Poor 
(''Dorothy Prescott " ), Miss Eliza Orne White, 
Mrs. Alicia Aspinwall, Mrs. Blakeslee (" Mary 
Blake"), Mrs. Mabel Fuller Blodgett, Miss 
Susan Littell, and some others. 

In 1855 and 1856 a boys' newspaper was issued 
by F. O. Wellman and W. G. Wilson, which was 
carried on by the latter in 1857 and 1858. The 
Sagamore, a high school monthly, was started 



104 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

in 1895. Number one of the Brookline Tran- 
script, a weekly, appeared October 15, 1870, and 
was edited by Bradford Kingman until it 
suspended in May, 1873. The Brookline Chron- 
icle, another weekly newspaper, first appeared 
April 9, 1874, edited and published by W. H. 
Hutchinson at " the second door east of the 
railroad" on Washington street. It later passed 
through the hands of Wing & Arthur, C. M. 
Vincent, Arthur & Spencer, and finally to Mr. 
C. A. W. Spencer (in 1881), who continues the 
paper, with Mr. Sidney W. Dean as associate 
editor. The Brookline News, an illustrated 
weekly, appeared August 7, 1886, edited by Louis 
Gassier, and continued its career until March 
24, 1888. 

Art has been represented in Brookline by 
Samuel Colman, the landscape painter, who was 
the founder and first president of the American 
Society of Painters in Water Color. Mr. Colman 
attended the high school in its early days, and 




0) .- 
c 5 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 10$ 

lived on Walnut street. A miniature and genre 
painter of note, Richard M. Staigg, lived for some 
years on Monmouth place. Mr. Dwight Blaney 
of Walnut street exhibits at the Boston Art club 
and elsewhere. Mrs. Theo Ruggles Kitson, the 
sculptor, is the daughter of the late Cyrus W. 
Ruggles, for many years the village postmaster. 
Among the famous artists whose works are 
owned in the town are : Allston (Theodore 
Lyman and Charles S. Sargent) ; Boudin and 
Monet (Desmond FitzGerald) ; Cazin (Edward 
Steese) ; Copley (Charles S. Sargent) ; Corot 
(Mrs. J. L. Gardner, Mrs. C. O. Foster, Wm. E. 
Cox) ; Courbet (Isaac R. Thomas) ; Couture 
(E. D. Jordan) ; Rubens (H. S. Howe) ; 
Schreyer (W. E. Cox) ; Stuart (W. I. Bowditch, 
Mrs. H. L. Eustis, H. M. Cutts, C. P. Gardiner) ; 
Sully (Andrew Robeson) ; Daubigny (Barthold 
Schlesinger, C. H. W. Foster) ; Dewing 
(Edward Stanwood); Diaz (Mrs. J. R. Coolidge, 
Mrs. A. W. Blake, Joseph H. White) ; George 



I06 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Fuller and Inness (Joseph H. White); Lawrence 
(E. D. Jordan) ; Mauve (B. Schlesinger, W. C. 
Cotton) ; Millet (Mrs. A. W. Blake) ; Reynolds (E. 
D. Jordan, H. S. Howe) ; Vinton (High School); 
Bonheur and Etty (Mrs. D. D. Addison). 

In the arts Brookline stands preeminent. 
Frederick Law Olmsted, of the firm of F. L. 
and J. C. Olmsted, has long been the most 
distinguished landscape architect in the United 
States. From the firm, which at one time 
included the late Charles Eliot, son of President 
Eliot of Harvard, many young men have received 
their early professional training. The death of 
two of these, Henry Sargent Codman and his 
brother Philip Codman, sons of Mr. James M. 
Codman, deprived the younger school of land- 
scape architects of two of its promising members. 
As early as 1850, Mr. Olmsted became interested 
in landscape gardening and spent a summer in 
England. Before the breaking out of the civil 
war he traveled in the South, studying the social 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 10/ 

and agricultural conditions of the people. His 
observations in each case were published, and at 
the outbreak of the war "The Cotton King- 
dom," a condensation of his writings, was issued 
in London and was frequently quoted. 

During the war he was actively engaged in 
the improvement of the sanitary condition of the 
Union forces. Since then he has been the 
leading expert in laying out the larger parks and 
park-systems, as Morningside and Riverside 
parks. New York; Prospect and Washington 
parks, Brooklyn ; Washington and Jackson parks, 
Chicago, with their parkways, and the parkways 
of Boston. He was the landscape architect of 
Central park, New York, and the first commis- 
sioner of the National park of the Yosemite. 

In architecture as in landscape gardening 
Brookline has for many years been the home of 
a leader. Henry Hobson Richardson's work has 
left its impress on a large share of the public 
buildings erected in America in recent years. 



I08 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

His best work began with the Brattle street 
church, Boston, in 1871. Soon after he was 
chosen architect of Trinity church, Boston, and 
gave much of his time and thought to the beau- 
tiful building which was finished in 1877. The 
Albany city hall, the public libraries at Woburn, 
Maiden, Quincy and Burlington, Sever hall and 
Austin hall (the law school) at Harvard, the 
railroad stations of the Boston & Albany, the 
board of trade at Cincinnati, and the court-house 
in Pittsburg — these and many others show his 
power through the use of mass and form rather 
than detail. And many libraries throughout 
New England, not of his hand, show the influ- 
ence of his free treatment of the Romanesque. 
He was a great-grandson of Dr. Joseph Priestley, 
the discoverer of oxygen, and showed a brilliancy 
and magnetism worthy of his inheritance. Mr. 
Richardson died in Brookline, April 28, 1886. His 
wife is descended from Ebenezer Craft, who built 
the Craft house on Huntington avenue in 1709. 




o .S 
% I 



W " ^ 



LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. lOQ 

Another architect of national reputation is 
Henry Ives Cobb of Chicago, who was born in 
BrookUne, August 19, 1859. He designed the 
fisheries building for the World's Fair at Chicago, 
in 1893, one of the best in that group of harmoni- 
ous buildings which gave the "White City" its 
fame. He is the architect of the University of 
Chicago and of the post office building in 
Chicago, now (1897) being constructed. Among 
the present residents of the town are a number of 
the leading architects of the United States. 

On every telephone instrument of the Bell 
Telephone Company are the words, " Blake 
transmitter." Francis Blake, nephew of the 
late Commodore George S. Blake of Brookline, 
was born in Needham, but went from the Brook- 
line high school to the United States coast 
survey, where he received scientific training. 
While engaged in this work he took up experi- 
mental physics as a pastime. In 1878 the Blake 
transmitter was devised, and was adopted at 



ly-^i' 



1 10 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

once by the Bell Telephone Company as far 
superior to any transmitter then in use. Mr. 
Blake lives at Weston, but keeps his interest in 
the town, and attended recently a meeting of the 
High School Alumni Association. 

In 1868 E. S. Ritchie & Sons, manufacturers of 
philosophical instruments, moved from Boston 
to Brookline, and established themselves at the 
corner of Harvard and Washington streets. For 
many years the firm has made marine compasses 
for the United States navy. Those in use on the 
monitors during the rebellion were liquid com- 
passes designed and made ift-B rooklin e. In their 
present quarters on Cypress street, southeast of 
the Boston & Albany circuit, the firm make 
fine apparatus for high schools and colleges. 

Near by is the factory of Mr. John Shields, 
where fishing tackle is made in large quantities. 
On Station street the Holtzer-Cabot Electric 
Company is engaged in the manufacture of 
electrical appliances. 



THE SCHOOLS. 

Education in Brookline has been a continuous 
factor in the town's development since March 8, 
1685, when the inhabitants of Muddy River 
petitioned ''for a writinge school for theire 
children." The next year Boston freed the 
hamlet from town rates with the understanding 
that Muddy River would provide an able 
reading and writing master. The first school- 
house seems to have stood a little south of 
the southwest corner of Harvard and School 
streets, facing School lane. A brook, which 
now runs below ground, flowed through the low 
land a little west of the lane and behind the 
school-house; crossing the Cambridge road it 
watered a large tree on the northeastern corner, 
and in its course touched the meadows sloping 
eastward from the old Aspinwall house. 



112 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN, 

The second school was built on the eastern 
side of the lane. There was a large wood-pile 
outside, and the half-seasoned and weather- 
soaked logs were cut into firewood by some of 
the boys, while others brought from Squire 
Sharp's house up the road a few live coals in an 
iron skillet. In time a second story was added, 
and here Miss Catherine Stearns, with the 
occasional aid of older pupils or of another 
teacher, carried on the school for many years. 
In 1855 the building was sold and moved to 
Washington street, where it remained until it 
was pulled down in May, 1896. 

The first school-house built by Brookline as a 
town is said to have stood in the triangle at the 
junction of Walnut and Warren streets. Per- 
mission to build was given in 17 13. In 1728, 
and for fifty years after, there were contentions 
regarding the number of schools to be kept. At 
the November meeting in the latter year two 
were ordered, " one to stand in the new lane 



THE SCHOOLS. II3 

[Cypress street] between Mr. Allin's and Water- 
town Road [Washington street], beyond the 
bridge [over Village brook] as near the bridge 
as there can be a spot of land for it." If this 
vote was carried out, a school-house must once 
have stood on or near the present High School 
playground. 

In 1793 a brick school-house was built at the 
corner of Walnut and Warren streets where 
school was kept from April till November. 
Here also Dr. Pierce held his Wednesday after- 
noon catechisms for many years. 

Of Isaac Adams who taught here for twenty 
years, many strange tales survive. His methods 
of punishment are contrasted with his devotion 
to his young wife and his half-frantic grief long 
after her death. He spanked the unruly boy 
with a leather strap, or made him stand before 
the class with his nose wedged into the split end 
of a sapling. In times of great disorder he 
would pile the boys in a pyramid on the floor 



114 brookline: a favored town. 

and spank the unlucky one at the top. For the 
girls he had a unipod or one-legged stool, on 
which a wrong-doer must balance herself for 
an hour or more. 

The brick school was used also for town 
meetings. The services and the address by Dr. 
Pierce in honor of Washington at his death were 
held at the church on the present parsonage 
grounds, but the procession formed at the 
school-house and marched thither. 

The present Pierce hall, next to the First 
Parish church, was dedicated as a school 
January i, 1825. The town hall, on the 
second floor, was used also for singing-classes 
and lectures. 

The lyceum movement gained such force in 
Brookline from 1832, through the enthusiasm 
of Mr. Isaac Thayer, Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, and 
others, that the " Lyceum of the Town of 
Brookline" was incorporated in 1841. Lyceum 
hall, which still stands west of the site of 



THE SCHOOLS. II5 

the Punch Bowl tavern, opposite the end of 
Walnut street, was soon erected. The lectures 
and courses of study did much for education 
in the town. Music, phrenology, science and 
literature in turn became the talk of the day. 
The young girls delighted in Mr. Christopher 
Duncan, "feasting one's eyes on his beauty," and 
in Mr. Charles Emerson, "a delightful specimen 
of his creator's workmanship." R. W. Emerson, 
Hillard, Rufus Choate, and Dr. Webster, 
subsequently the murderer of Parkman, went 
through the ordeal of feminine criticism. 

The town on March 6, 1843, voted to establish 
a high school ; Dr. Pierce, Rev. William H. 
Shailer, and Samuel Philbrick, Esq., the school 
committee for that year, were untiring advo- 
cates of public education. The present Pierce 
hall was chosen for this purpose, and Mr. B. 
H. Rhoades became the first principal. He and 
his successor, Mr. Hezekiah Shailer, brother of 
Mr. Shailer, the Baptist minister, were graduates 



ii6 brookline: a favored town. 

of Boston University. Mr. Shailer served from 
May 4, 1846, to April 26, 1852. The principals 
since that time have been : — 

George Moore, May, 1852, to July, 1852. 

William P. Atkinson, a graduate of Harvard, 
September, 1852, to February 28, 1853. 

Rev. John N. Bellows, February 28, 1853, to 
May, 1853. 

Isaac Coffin, a graduate of Dartmouth, April 
26, 1853, to April, 1854. 

J. Emory Hoar, (Harvard,) April 10, 1854, to 
July, 1888. 

Frederic T. Farnsworth, (Tufts,) September, 
1888, to June 26, 1891. 

Daniel S. Sanford, a graduate of Yale, 
September 7, 1891 — . 

In Mr. Rhoades's day there were two weeks of 
vacation preceding the first Monday in May, 
three weeks preceding the first Monday in 
September, and Thanksgiving week ; also Fourth 
of July and Christmas. Among the students 



THE SCHOOLS. II7 

during the first year were Samuel Colman, 
founder and first president of the American 
society of painters in water-colors ; and Edward 
S. Philbrick, treasurer of the Massachusetts 
anti-slavery society and a distinguished civil 
engineer. Two of the students later married 
well-known citizens, Dr. Tappan E. Francis and 
Captam R. G. F. Candage. 

During the rule of Mr. Bellows some boy 
each Saturday chose for his declamation, *' The 
Village Blacksmith." When he reached the 
words ''They love to see the flaming forge 
and hear the bellows roar," a titter went round 
the room. After a time the principal lost his 
patience. 

In 1857 the high school at the southeastern 
corner of School and Prospect streets was 
completed, and served until the present building 
was finished in 1895. 

The first appropriation for the new high 
school building which stands at the corner of 



Il8 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Tappan street and Gorham avenue, facing the 
Common, was made January 25, 1895. The 
dedication took place November 19, 1895. 
The severe external appearance is due to a 
desire to keep the cost of the building within 
the $200,000 appropriated, but the interior, 
with its heating and ventilating apparatus, its 
assembly hall, its special accommodations 
for science teaching, art study, and physical 
training, fulfills its purpose admirably. The 
grounds were laid out by Olmsted, Olmsted 
& Eliot. The cost of furnishing was about 
$25,000, making a total cost of $225,000. There 
are 19,750 square feet in the ground area. 

April 22, 1872, Mr. William T. Reid was 
appointed superintendent of schools, the first 
person to hold this office, and resigned in 1875. 
Mr. Reid was perhaps too fond of frequent 
examinations to please all people. He is now 
said to be very successful as master of a private 
school in California. 



THE SCHOOLS. I IQ 

In 1879 Mr. D. H. Daniels was made superin- 
tendent of grammar and primary schools. The 
master of the high school was responsible to 
the school committee alone. At the time of 
Mr. Daniels's resignation in 1890, after a term 
of service longer than that of any teacher who 
had served the town, Mr. Samuel T. Dutton 
of New Haven was appointed superintendent 
of schools. The feeling that the harmonious 
working of all the schools in the town would 
be best subserved by having one responsible 
head, has been amply justified by the unity of 
purpose and spirit of cooperation manifested 
since Mr. Dutton's appointment. A wider 
application of this principle was made in estab- 
lishing the Brookline Education Society on 
March 13, 1895. Here parents and teachers 
meet to discuss the problems of public education 
and the home care of children. 

Mr. Hoar, the master of the high school, 
had resigned in 1888, after serving the town 



120 



BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 



for thirty-four years. A large number of the 
older citizens of Brookline received their 
education under him ; in remembrance of this 
early training and association, Mr. Hoar's pupils 
asked him to sit to F. P. Vinton for an oil 
portrait which they gave in 1896 to the new 
high school, where it now hangs. 

His successor, Mr. F. T. Farnsworth, resigned 
his position in 1891, and Mr. Daniel S. San- 
ford of Stamford, Connecticut, was appointed. 
Largely through the efforts of Mr. Dutton and 
Mr. Sanford, the various educational influences 
of the town have been brought into sympathy. 

The following statistics are for 1896-97 : — 
Number of children in town between 



five and fifteen years of age 
Value of school property .... 
Assessed valuation in Brookline 
Total expenditures for schools . 

Percentage for schools 

Cost of instruction for each pupil 
Whole number of pupils .... 
Total number of teachers in day schools 
School buildings 



2,529 

$910,455 GO 

$60,996,800 00 
119,521 79 
0019 
39 20 
3,168 
109 
16 




O <D 






THE SCHOOLS. 121 

The Classical School. 
About the year 1822 Richard Sullivan, 
General Dearborn, Ebenezer Francis, Lewis 
Tappan, Rev. John Pierce, Oliver Whyte, Elijah 
Corey, Timothy Corey, and others, formed a 
corporation for the purpose of establishing a 
classical school in Brookline. They purchased 
land on the northern side of Boylston street 
east of Cypress street, and erected a fine school 
building. Later the northerly addition was 
built for boarding the students. In 1830 Mr. 
GideonThayer, founder of Chauncy Hall School, 
bought the place as a branch of his Boston 
school, where delicate boys could have better 
air. Mr. Thayer was a kindly Christian gentle- 
man, whose connection with the town was the 
means of many improvements. George B. 
Emerson, LL. D., the eminent schoolmaster 
and naturalist, was the next owner of the 
property ; and during this period William Ware 
wrote, in the north parlor of the house, his 



122 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

historical romance called " Zenobia, or the Fall 
of Palmyra." About 1838 Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, 
a prominent physician of Boston, purchased the 
place, and continued its scholarly associations. 
At Dr. Shurtleff 's death in 1873, his son Dr. 
Augustine Shurtleff came into possession of 
the house and made it his home until 1881. 



LIBRARIES. 

The first library in Brookline was started in 
1825 through the efforts of Rev. John Pierce, 
who became president, Deacon Otis Withington, 
who ser^^ed as secretary, Deacon John Robinson, 
treasurer, and the town clerk, Oliver Whyte, 
who became librarian. The rules were adopted 
December 27, 1825. At the bottom of the book 
label were the words : — 

''The library is kept in the house of the 
librarian." 

Mr. Whyte lived on what is now the south- 
eastern corner of Walnut and High streets, or 
between Walnut street and Village lane {i. e. 
Elm place). The subscription was five dollars 
a year for the first and second years, and two 
dollars thereafter. The library was kept later 
at the shoe shop of John Leeds on Washington 
street, a little east of the Public Library, near 
Chase's express office. 



124 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

At my request Mr. Baker has described a 
movement which did much to prepare the way 
for the modern public library. He says: — 

"In the autumn of 1846, a number of young 
men, mechanics and others, in this town, having 
a desire for some opportunity whereby they 
could improve themselves and obtain a larger 
range of information and mental improvement, 
as well as a better knowledge of books and of 
what was being done in different parts of the 
country, agreed to hire some place where they 
could meet evenings and dull days when they 
were obliged to be idle. Each one was to con- 
tribute whatever he might have of books, or 
papers, whether of biography, travel, fiction, 
or other works that might be of interest. In 
pursuance of that object a small room was hired 
and fitted up with some rough shelves and 
tables ; each one brought his contribution 
of books or other matter, and they were used 
interchangeably. They also subscribed for and 



LIBRARIES. 125 

took newspapers from Boston, New York, 
Baltimore, Philadelphia, Washington and New 
Orleans. 

"This room was first opened in the autumn, 
and was kept open in the evening through the 
winter and summer, so that the members 
could visit it when they had an opportunity 
(each member having a key). They also 
occasionally hired a larger room and had 
discussions on the topics of the day, or read 
papers on some subject, or recited or read 
poetry or prose. 

"This room was used until the fall of 1849, 
when the news of the finding of gold in Califor- 
nia reached the town. Several of the members 
were taken with the gold fever, and various 
circumstances arising to call others away, the 
association was disbanded. 

" I cannot recall the names of all who be- 
longed, but among them were : Isaac R. 
Atwood, J. D. Long, Elisha Hall, Jr., Edward 



126 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Hall, Eben Haskell, Isaac Farrington, Jr., 
Abraham C. Small, B. F. Baker, and Oliver 
Cousens." 

One of the originators, Elisha Hall, asked 
Horace Mann to draft a bill authorizing towns 
and cities to raise and appropriate money to 
establish and maintain public libraries. The 
bill became a law in 1851. 

The public library of Brookline was one of the 
first in Massachusetts instituted under the 
general statute of 185 1. It was estabhshed by 
vote of the town, March 30, 1857, and opened to 
the public on Wednesday, December 2, 1857, at 
2 p. M., with 900 volumes on the shelves. The 
first home of the public library was " the hall on 
the first floor of the town hall," now the police 
station, which was afterward moved to the west 
side of Prospect street, to make room for the 
present Town Hall. Brookline was at that time 
the richest town of its size in the state, and the 
first appropriations were as large as the law 



LIBRARIES. 127 

allowed: ^934 for its foundation — being $1.00 
for each of the ratable polls of the preceding 
year — and ^233 for current expenses. The sum 
of ^300 was appropriated for fitting up the 
hall. Mr. J. Emory Hoar was chosen librarian, 
November 11, 1857, and held the office until 
other duties compelled him to relinquish the 
cares of the library, September 19, 1871. Miss 
Mary A. Bean was at the same meeting elected 
to the position, which she held until her death, 
September 4, 1893. November 21, 1893, the 
trustees elected Mr. Charles K. Bolton of the 
Harvard college library to fill the vacancy. He 
took charge January 2, 1894. The first assistant, 
Miss Amelia A. Woods, died February 5, 1896, 
having been connected with the library for 
twenty-seven years. 

The present hall, reference room, and fiction 
alcoves comprise the building which was erected 
in 1869, and opened for the delivery of books 
on October i8th. In 1888 the north wing was 



128 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

added, to relieve the cramped condition of the 
book-shelves, and in 1892 Gardner Hall, the new 
reading room, was opened to the public. 

Benefactions of importance should be noted : 
a gift of ^10,000 in 1871 from John L. Gardner, 
Esq., a bequest of ^5,000 from Martin L. Hall 
in his will of the same year, and gifts from John 
S. Wright, J. M. Howe, Mrs. Samuel Philbrick, 
Abijah W. Goddard, Mrs. D. W. Russell, and 
Frank A. Russell. The last gift was to aid the 
music collection, which was opened to the public 
in August, 1895. 

In answer to the first request of the trustees 
for donations, the librarian reported February i, 
1858, — two months after the library was opened, 
— gifts from the following people: William 1. 
Bowditch, James A. Dupee, Jeremiah Hill, 
Thomas Parsons, Wm. H. Jameson, Theodore 
Lyman, Society of the New Jerusalem, Daniel 
H. Rogers, J. S. Warren, Waldo Maynard, 
Robert S. Davis, Miss Lucy Searle, T. P. 



LIBRARIES. 129 

Chandler, William K. Melcher, F. J. Williams, 
William Nichols, Jr., Miss Elizabeth Pierce, 
Charles D. Head, Mrs. Ingersoll, F. W. Pres- 
cott, John Howe, J. W. Thornton, William A. 
Wellman, F. O. Wellman, William B. Towne, 
William H. Towne, J. H. Putnam, B. B. Davis, 
Alfred Winsor, George G. Stoddard, Hon. 
Henry Wilson, C. S. F. Binney, J. B. Taylor, 
William Lincoln, Charles C. Soule, T. E. 
Francis, Edward Wilder, J. H. Wellman, Miss 
Annie L. Brackett, and Miss M. H. Snow. The 
works donated numbered 1052. 

The following table shows the increase in 
number of volumes and in circulation, with the 
appropriations in the years named : — 





Volumes 




Circulation 


Appro- 


Year. 


in Library 




for Home 


Use. 


priation . 


1858 . 


• . 2,137 


(two 


months) 


3,600 


$240.00 


1868 . 


. . 10,500 






18,144 


1. 000.00 


1878 . 


. . 20,332 






50427 


4,000.00 


1 888 . 


. . 32,700 






43464 


7,000.00 


1896 . 


. . 43768 






88,633 


12.000.00 



OUTLINES OF CHURCH HISTORY. 

Unitarian. 
First Parish. 

For over a century the First Parish church 
was ** the Church of Christ in Brookline " — the 
town's church. As such its history was a part 
of the history of the town. (See page 19.) 

Toward the end of Dr. Pierce's Hfe, the 
Congregational church became divided into two 
parties. The pastor of the First church allied 
himself with neither, preferring to remain true 
to the old traditions which associated the church 
with the whole town. At his death in 1849, his 
colleague, Rev. Frederic Newman Knapp, took 
up the parish duties as his successor. As the 
meeting-house was often cold, without a cellar or 
furnace, a new building was erected in 1848. 
Dr. Pierce was carried to the church on Decem- 
ber 1st, and assisted at the dedication. Once 



CHURCH HISTORY. I3I 

more he was taken to the church in a chair 
on August 1 8th to hear the new organ, for he 
had always been fond of music. His favorite 
tune " Old Hundred " was sung at his request. 
He remained seated because, as he said playfully, 
he " no longer belonged to the rising genera- 
tion." He was borne home by loving hands, 
and as he grew weaker, friends from all 
the neighboring towns came to bring him 
flowers and fruit, wishing to brighten his last 
hours. Mr. Shailer, the Baptist minister, whom . 
he called his " oldest son," visited him three 
times each week during the summer, and shaved 
him, or passed the time in reading aloud or in 
conversation. He died in the forenoon of August 
24, 1849. At his funeral the baptismal font 
was filled with white flowers, and the coffin bore 
a wreath placed there by one of the children of 
the Sunday school. The services were conducted 
by Mr. Shailer, Dr. Lowell and Mr. Knapp. Dr. 
Pierce was not remarkable as a preacher, but his 



132 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

life was a beautiful example of entire devotion 
to a town, a people, and to the minister's 
calling. 

In 1856 Rev. Frederic Henry Hedge became 
pastor of the church and remained until 1872, 
although part of his time after the first year was 
occupied in Cambridge as a professor at the 
Divinity school. Dr. Hedge married Dr. Pierce's 
daughter. His scholarship and eloquence were 
worthy companions of his character. 

In 1873 Rev. Howard N. Brown was called 
to succeed him. During his ministry a beautiful 
church was erected on the site of the second and 
third meeting houses built in 1805 and 1848, It 
was dedicated April 19, 1893. Mr. Brown 
upheld the traditions of his predecessors by 
taking an active interest in the schools and 
in the public library. The trustees of the 
library in their report for 1896, said: ''As 
chairman of the library committee for several 
years, he brought a scholarly intelligence and 




REVEREND JOHN PIERCE, D. D. 

Minister of the town. 1797-1S49. 



From a photograph lent by T. R. Shewell. Esq. 



To face p. 133. 



CHURCH HISTORY. 1 33 

devotion to his administration of affairs, which 
are well worthy of emulation." 

Rev. William H. Lyon became pastor of the 
First Parish, May 8, 1896. 

The old custom of ringing the bell at seven 
o'clock every morning, at noon, and at nine 
o'clock every evening has been continued 
through all these years of change. And still 
upon the town records will be found an annual 
appropriation for this purpose. 
Baptist. 

At Dr. Pierce's ordination there were two 
baptists in the town, members of the First 
Baptist church in Newton. As early as 1805 a 
new interest was awakened, and in 18 10 about 
twenty young people, as a result of a special 
religious impression, joined the church in 
Newton. After holding meetings at private 
houses for some months in 1827, a growing need 
was manifested for better accommodations. In 
March, 1828, a building twenty-six feet by 



134 brookline: a favored town. 

thirty-six feet was erected on the corner of 
Harvard and Washington streets. On the 5th 
of June the Baptist Church in BrookHne was 
pubHcly recognized, with thirty-six members. 
In October EUjah Corey, Timothy Corey and 
Thomas Griggs were chosen deacons. The 
same year the first building seemed to be too 
small ; on the 20th of November the second 
building, which stood west of the first, was 
dedicated. The three deacons, together with 
David Coolidge and Elijah Corey, Jr., agreed 
to bear the expense. In March, 1830, the 
Rev. Joseph Driver became their pastor. 
April 14, 1831, Rev. Joseph A. Warne began his 
ministry, which continued until December 31, 
1836. In Mr. Warne's time baptism was 
administered in the salt waters of Muddy river 
near the present bridge at the end of Washing- 
ton street, while Mr. Shailer preferred to go to 
the Charles. Mr. Warne *' did much to beget 
and mature a love for sound doctrine." 



CHURCH HISTORY. 135 

September i, 1837, Rev. William H. Shailer 
having accepted an invitation, became pastor of 
the church. During his ministry, which ended 
January 31, 1854, his devotion to the welfare of 
the church and town were untiring. He was 
the moving spirit in establishing the first high 
school, and Shailer hall, in the new high 
school, is a witness to his love for education. 

Rev. Nehemiah M. Perkins was pastor from 
May 20, 1855, to August, 1858, when failing 
health compelled him to relinquish work. 

The new church building at the corner of 
Harvard and Pierce streets was dedicated 
December i, 1858. 

Rev. William Lamson, D. D., accepted a call 
and began his ministry December i, 1859. He 
was an eloquent and earnest preacher, and was 
greatly beloved. The church grew to a member- 
ship of 237 before he resigned in February, 1875. 
A memorial volume was published by his 
wiie. 



136 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Rev. Henry C. Mabie, the pastor from January 
I, 1876, to August I, 1879, was followed by Rev. 
T. B. Brackett, D. D., pastor from May i, 1880, 
until May i, 1888. Rev. O. P. Gifford served as 
pastor from January i, 1890, to November 30, 
1 891, and his able ministry is still remembered. 
He was followed by Rev. Nathan E. Wood, D.D., 
who was pastor of the church from March i, 1892, 
until August 26, 1894. Rev. Edward Braislin, 
his successor, announced his acceptance of a 
call January 6, 1895, but resigned in July, owing 
to poor health, having officiated but two Sun- 
days. He was followed by the Rev. Thomas 
S. Barbour, who began his pastorate September 
20, 1896. 

Many of the older families have been associ- 
ated for generations with the church, including 
those of Griggs, Corey, Davis and Stearns, and 
many of the present generation of members, at 
least, have been active in the town government, 
including Benjamin F. Baker, H. Lincoln Chase, 



CHURCH HISTORY. 137 

Captain Rufus G. F. Candage, Emery B. Gibbs, 
and George Brooks. Rev. Barnas Sears, at one 
time president of Brown University, was a 
member of the church. Thomas Simmons, 
Helen M. Griggs, Sarah Davis, Elizabeth Morse, 
and Martha A. Sanderson, all members of the 
church, spent their lives in missionary fields. 

Congregational. 
Harvard Church. 
The Harvard Congregational Society was 
organized August 26, 1844, but the church has 
always been, and in its original constitution was, 
simply and designedly called "The Harvard 
Church." The first place of worship was the 
present Bethany building on the western corner 
of School and Washington streets. Here durino- 
the pastorate of Rev. Richard Salter Storrs, Jr., 
the first minister, installed October 22, 1845, 
there gathered each Sunday a congregation of 
seventy-five to one hundred people. Although 
the young Andover student had been enjoined 



138 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

to make this his permanent home, according to 
the good old custom of his father's day, his 
remarkable ability seemed to call him to a larger 
field. In a year (October 27, 1846,) he was 
dismissed to Brooklyn, New York, where, as 
pastor of the Church of the Pilgrims, his fiftieth 
anniversary of service was recently celebrated 
as an event of national interest. 

Rev. Joseph Haven, Jr., became pastor Decem- 
ber 31, 1846, but resigned December 12, 1850, 
to become a professor at Amherst College, and 
later at the Theological Seminary of Chicago. 
Six months later, on June 5, 185 1, Rev. Matson 
Meier Smith was installed as pastor of the 
Harvard church, where he remained until 
November 23, 1858, when his views began to 
undergo a change which led him, after a 
pastorate at Bridgeport, into the Episcopal com- 
munion. His successor. Rev. J. Lewis Diman 
of Fall River, began his work March 15, i860, 
and served until June 29, 1864, when he became 



CHURCH HISTORY. I39 

professor of history and political economy in 
Brown University. He had studied under such 
German scholars as Erdmann, Tholock, and 
Baron Bunsen, and was by education as well as 
by temperament, better fitted for a professorship 
than a pastorate. If he seemed to lack adapt- 
ability, it was chiefly owing to the fact that his 
was a singularly sensitive, aesthetic nature, 
trained by association with the most learned 
men of his time. 

Dr. Thomas, in his historical address delivered 
in 1894, says : "That a church in its infancy and 
early youth should have been able to command 
the services of such men as these I have named, 
is among the remarkable facts in its history." 

Mr. Diman was followed by Rev. C. C. 
Carpenter, June 29, 1865, to September 18, 1867, 
and by Rev. C. Maurice Wines, November 12, 
1868, to April 27, 1870. From this time to the 
installation of Rev. Reuen Thomas, May 4, 1875, 
the church had no regular pastor. 



140 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

In May, 1873, a new church was completed at 
the corner of Harvard and Marion streets. This 
beautiful Gothic building, designed by E. 
Tuckerman Potter, has cost, with the land, about 
^^230,000. Martin L. Hall was one of those who 
gave most largely to prevent the church from 
having any debt ; which has been among its 
traditions from the beginning. 

In the historical address mentioned above, Dr. 
Thomas alludes to his coming to Brookline from 
his large parish in London, and says : " I loved 
' the common people,' as they are called. I was 
a people's man." And a little farther on he 
adds : " I desire to welcome and use the 
resources of all true and high scholarship. I 
love communion with the poets, the philosophers 
and the scientists, believmg them to be subsid- 
iary but indispensable aids in getting at the 
intellect and heart of life." 



CHURCH HISTORY. I41 

Ley den Chu7-ch. 
In 1896 a movement was started for a new 
Congregational church near the Beaconsfield 
terraces. The Leyden church was organized 
October 4th, and on November 4th the Rev. 
Harris G. Hale of Warren, Mass., was installed 
as pastor. Services are now (1897) held in the 
Beaconsfield casino ; but a movement has already 
been started to purchase land and build a chapel. 
The organization has been unusually effective 
and successful. 

Episcopal. 
Saint PanVs. 
On Sunday, July 8, 1849, Dr. Clark, bishop of 
Rhode Island, conducted a service in the Town 
Hall. This was the beginning of the Episcopal 
church in Brookline. In October Rev. William 
Horton was elected rector, and continued the 
services at the Town Hall. In 1850 Augustus 
Aspinwall offered a site for a church at the 
corner of the present St. Paul street and 



142 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Aspinwall avenue, then called Perry's lane, a part 
of the old family estate. Richard Upjohn was 
selected to make the plans, and long years after 
he felt that the present structure was one of his 
greatest achievements. Mr. Horton resigned in 
May, and in September Rev. John S. Stone, 
D. D., was chosen rector. The church was conse- 
crated December 23, 1852. Dr. Stone resigned 
in October, 1862, and Rev. Francis Wharton, 
D. D., was elected to fill the vacancy. He 
resigned in November, 1869, and Rev. William 
Wilberforce Newton, D. D., was elected. Dr. 
Newton resigned in March, 1875, and Rev. 
Leonard Kip Storrs, D. D., was elected in the 
following December, and is the present rector. 
Dr. Storrs is also a trustee of the Public Library. 
The chapel on the north side of the church 
was added during Dr. Stone's term of service ; 
and the rectory was built in memory of Mr. 
Henry S. Chase by his children, after his death 
in 1885. The parish house, constructed from 



CHURCH HISTORY. I43 

designs by Mr. J. A. Schweinfurth, was com- 
pleted in 1896, and is in perfect architectural 
harmony with the church. 

There are memorial tablets in the church to 
Henry Savage Chase, Harrison Fay, Rev, Dr. 
Stone and James S. Amory. A part of the 
inscription on the tablet dedicated to the 
memory of Dr. Stone reads as follows : ** Rev. 
John Seeley Stone, D. D., Rector of this Parish, 
1 85 2- 1 862. Powerful as a preacher, beloved 
as a pastor, he was remarkable for the length 
and character of his services to the American 
Episcopal church in which he was born and 
nurtured." 

The memorial windows in the church bear the 
names of William Chadbourne ; Mary Lilley 
Campbell, wife of W. F. Humphrey ; Marland 
Cogswell Hobbs ; Lila G. Floyd and Edward E. 
Floyd, Jun. ; Colonel William Latham Candler ; 
Sarah Leverett Chase ; Thomas Parsons ; and 
Hon. William Aspinwall, who died in 1823. 



144 brookline: a favored town. 

All Saints. 

All Saints church was organized November i, 
1894, the first service having been held on 
September 30th. Rev. Daniel Dulany Addison 
of Beverly accepted his election as rector 
November 25th, and was installed at the first 
morning service in the Beaconsfield casino, 
December 23d. Early in the new year — Febru- 
ary 8, 1895 — the parish was incorporated. 
In September, 1895, the chapel at the south- 
western corner of Beacon street and Dean road 
was ready, and since then the parish has had a 
steady and encouraging growth. 

An attractive year book gives information 
concerning the organization and work of the 
church. The wardens of All Saints are (1897) 
William P. Shreve and Frederick P. Addicks. 

Church of Our Saviour. 
The Church of Our Saviour on Carlton street 
was organized February 19, 1868, and the 
beautiful church edifice, built in memory of 



CHURCH HISTORY. I45 

Amos Lawrence by his sons, Amos A. Lawrence 
and William R. Lawrence, was consecrated in 
March, 1868. The first rector. Rev. Elliott D. 
Tomkins, was succeeded in 1875 by Rev. Frank 
L. Norton, D. D. In March, 1877, Rev. 
Reginald H. Howe, D. D., son of Bishop Howe 
of Central Pennsylvania, became rector. 

At different times the Lawrence family and 
the parish have made additions, until the 
church, the parish house, the rectory, the 
cloister and the choir room form a group of 
most picturesque buildings in the midst of a 
rapidly increasing community. The parish 
house was erected in 1879, the rectory and 
cloister in 1885, and the memorial transept and 
choir room in 1893. I^ the nave of the church 
there is a remarkable window by Sir Edward 
Burne-Jones, and in the chancel three good 
specimens of the Tiffany favrile glass. The 
parish numbers among its members many of the 
representative people of that part of Brookline 



146 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

known as Longwood, as well as a number 
from the Back Bay. In the Roxbury district 
adjoining, it finds a large field for its charitable 
work. The sittings in the church are all free. 

Catholic. 
Our Lady of the Assiunption. 
In 1852, Rev. Michael O'Beirnewas appointed 
to organize Catholic congregations in Brookline 
and Brighton. While St. Mary's Church of the 
Assumption was being built in Andem place, 
Brookline, mass was celebrated in Lyceum hall. 
The first services in the new church took place 
on Christmas day of the year following, although 
the church was not dedicated until September 
24, 1854. Father O'Beirne was already in failing 
health, and in December, 1854, Rev. J. M. 
Finotti took charge of the parish. He lived at 
the end of Harrison place, now extended and 
called Kent street, and is well remembered as a 
learned and respected leader in his work. His 
actual appointment as pastor dated from 



CHURCH HISTORY. I47 

December 8, 1856. The church having been 
injured by fire in 1855, it was enlarged until the 
seating capacity reached over one thousand. 
Shortly after Easter, 1872, Rev. P. F. Lamb 
succeeded Father Finotti. He suffered from 
poor health and soon found the strain of a large 
parish had overtaxed his powers. A southern 
trip did little toward restoring his strength, and 
he died in July, 1873. The same month Rev. L. 
J. Morris was appointed pastor of the parish, 
where, writes Father Butler, '' he immediately 
endeared himself to his new flock and secured 
their hearty cooperation." 

On the 1st of September, 1880, ground was 
broken for a new church on the western corner 
of Harvard street and Linden place. The 
corner stone was laid June 19, 1881, when Rev. 
C. H. McKenna, O. S. B., delivered the sermon 
and Archbishop Williams took part in the cere- 
monies. In October, 1882, services took place 
for the first time in the new church (in the 



148 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

basement). On the 22d of August, 1886, the 
dedicatory services were held. The archbishop 
officiated, and had the assistance of the neigh- 
boring clergy. Rt. Rev. P. T. O'Reilly of 
Springfield preached in the morning, and the 
St. Cecilia mass was rendered. In the evening 
Bishop Bradley delivered an eloquent ser- 
mon. 

The church is 168 feet in length, built of 
brick, with trimmings of Longmeadow brown- 
stone. The architecture is Gothic, with a tower 
on the Harvard street side, near the crossing of 
the nave and transept, rising to a height of 146 
feet. Peabody and Stearns were the architects. 

Perhaps the best known family connected 
with the church is that represented by the 
descendants of the late James Driscoll, who 
came to Brookline in 1838. His son, Michael 
Driscoll, is (1897) superintendent of streets 
and sewers, and a member of the school 
committee. 



CHURCH HISTORY. I49 

Saint Laurence Chapd. 
On September 6, 1896, the corner stone was 
laid for the Saint Laurence chapel on Boylston 
street, near Chestnut Hill avenue. The dedica- 
tion took place May 2, 1897. 

SWEDENBORGIAN. 

The Church of the New Jerusalem in Brook- 
line was organized in April, 1857, and the pretty 
old English stone church, on the triangular lot 
bounded by High, Irving and Allerton streets, 
was built in 1862. High street at that time 
turned at the church and followed the present 
Irving street to Walnut street, so that it 
stood on a fine open eminence surrounded by 
fields. 

The first pastor was Rev. T. B. Hayward, 
who was followed in 1861 by Rev. John C. Ager. 
His successors were Rev. S. M. Warren, Rev. 
Abiel Silver, Rev. Warren Goddard, Jr., who 
was installed in April, 1874, and Rev. Willard 
H. Hinkley, who served from September, 1881, 



150 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

to August, 1895. The present pastor, Rev. 
Julian K. Smyth, was called in the autumn of 
1896. 

The chairman of the church committee is 
Hon. Albert Mason, judge of the superior court, 
and Mr. T. R. Shewell is the clerk. 

Methodist Episcopal. 
Saint Mark's. 
As early as 1863, Rev. Gilbert Haven of 
Boston, famous later as an abolitionist and 
bishop, held services Sunday evenings in the 
old Town Hall, but a Methodist society was not 
organized until the spring of 1873. The 
Congregationalists had just left the Bethany 
building on Washington street, and this building 
was purchased and rededicated on June 23, 1873. 
The Rev. E. D. Winslow was asked to become 
the pastor. In the spring of 1874, Rev. Mark 
Trafton succeeded him, and at this time the 
church was in a prosperous condition. The 
financial troubles of 1876 bore so hard upon the 



CHURCH HISTORY. I5I 

society that the Bethany building passed into 
other hands. From 1876 to 1879 Sunday 
services were held in the Town Hall. In 1879, 
under the leadership of Rev. William McDonald, 
a chapel was built on the southeastern corner of 
Cypress and Washington streets, on land 
purchased by the society. From that time the 
Methodist church has prospered. The Rev. 
John H. Twombly was the last pastor in the 
chapel, which had become too small and was sold 
in 1892. The year before this 25,000 feet of 
land at the corner of Park and Vernon streets 
were purchased, and on April 9, 1892, the corner 
stone of St. Mark's was laid with fitting cere- 
monies. Rev. William N. Brodbeck, the pastor, 
gave an historical address, and was followed by 
Bishops Hurst and Foster. For five years 
services were held in the Town Hall. In April, 
1894, Rev. William I. Haven, son of Rev. Gilbert 
Haven, was appointed pastor ; during his pastor- 
ate the building has been completed. The 



152 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

building committee included James Rothwell 
(deceased), W. W. Potter, J. E. Rothwell, R. A. 
Flanders, A. G. Brewer, L. T. Lyon, and Rev. 
W. I. Haven. 

The architect of the church is Mr. George A. 
Clough of Brookline. The nave is 150 feet in 
length, and 75 feet in width. The walls are of 
variegated Brighton ledge stone, with trimmings 
of gray Nova Scotia sandstone. A beautiful 
tower rises at the north-eastern corner of the 
nave. The general effect is not unlike that 
of the Romanesque cathedral churches of 
southern France. Within, a fine sculptured oak 
screen divides the nave from the apse at the 
transept. The heavy columns of Indiana lime- 
stone are especially noticeable. The large rose 
window at the north end of the nave is a 
memorial to James M. Burgess. In the transept 
are memorial windows, the one at the western 
end to Mrs. Rachel Moore, and that at the 
eastern end to Mr. Trafton, Mr. McDonald and 




w 






^ 






',—{ 






Ifl 






"^ 






o 






H 
in 


^ 




H-1 


>A 




> 






O 


g 




M 


0) 






ffi 




W 






U 


o 




«< 




h-1 


o 




Ck 


U 




Ph 


^ 




o 


TS 




ID 


c 




I>l 


is 


r<? 


ffi 


^ 




^ 


b 


j_' 


o 


/C 


p 


H 




(i; 


rr/ 




X, 


hJ 




u 


>l 




r ) 


o 






ra 




^ 


u 






K 




^ 


H 




c 



CHURCH HISTORY. I 53 

Mr. Twombly, early pastors of the church. The 
church has placed a tablet in the vestibule in 
memory of James Rothwell, first chairman of 
the building committee. Mr. Haven gave the 
pulpit in memory of his father, and Mrs. Haven 
gave the baptismal font. 

The tablet in memory of Mr. Rothwell reads : 

ERECTED BY 

SAINT mark's church 

IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE 

OF 

JAMES ROTHWELL, 

WHOSE GENEROSITY MADE POSSIBLE 

THIS 

HOUSE OF WORSHIP. 

St. Mark's was dedicated October 14, 15 and 
18, 1896. Bishop Charles H. Fowler preached 
the dedication sermon. Portraits of Bishop 
Gilbert Haven, Rev. W. I. Haven, and views 
of the church may be found in Zioris Herald 
for October 21st. 

The pastors of the church have been : E. D. 
Winslow, 1873 ; Mark Trafton, 1874-75 ; W. S. 



154 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Robinson (supplied), 1876 ; Elijah R. Watson 
(supplied), \%^^-^^\ WilUam McDonald, 1879- 
1881 ; Joshua Gill, 1882; William G. Leonard, 
1883-84; Joshua Gill, 1885-86; John H. 
Twombly, 1 887-1 890; William Nast Brodbeck, 
1891-93 ; William Ingraham Haven, 1894 to 
date (1897). 

Universalist. 
On Sunday, November 29, 1891, Rev. Charles 
Conklin held a Universalist mission service in 
Union hall at the corner of High and Walnut 
streets. January 8, 1892, a temporary organi- 
zation was effected, and Mr. Conklin, state 
missionary, became president of the new parish ; 
in March, the Methodist chapel at the corner of 
Cypress and Washington streets was hired for 
Sunday services. August 15, 1892, Rev. T. E. 
Potterton was called to the pastorate. He 
began his work September i, 1892, and resigned 
October i, 1893. A permanent parish organiza- 
tion was made January 5, 1893, with John E. 



CHURCH HISTORY. 155 

Cousens as president. Rev. Stephen H. Roblin 
took charge of the church at Mr. Potterton's 
resignation. September, 1894, Rev. Herbert E. 
Cushman became pastor, as successor to Mr. 
Roblin, and continued until January i, 1896. In 
June, 1895, the chapel at the corner of Washing- 
ton and Cypress streets was purchased from the 
Methodist society. Rev. Charles W. Biddle, 
D. D., became pastor September i, 1896, and 
was installed October 25th. 

The parish is fully organized for work on 
helpful lines, and is active in several departments 
of Christian effort. 

Presbyterian. 
The Presbyterian church held services in 
Brookline as early as January, 1894. Rev. C. S. 
Dewing became pastor in charge, and continued 
the services first in Harvard hall and later in 
Goddard hall. In September, 1894, Rev. William 
Elder Archibald, Ph.D., became pastor, and 
because of his successful ministry, and through 



156 brookline: a favored town. 

his efforts, land was purchased in 1896 for a 
church on Prospect street. The work of 
construction was begun during the autumn of 
that year, and the corner stone was laid on 
Christmas day. The building was finished in 
the spring of 1897. 

Congregational-Unitarian. 
Chrisfs Church. 
Christ's church, Colchester street, Longwood, 
was erected by Hon. David Sears in i860, and 
dedicated June 30, 1862. It is a copy of a 
church in Colchester, England, which Mr. Sears 
then considered the ancestral home of the Sears 
family. Mr. Sears' object was to provide a 
church where all might worship '' in the unity of 
the Spirit and in the bond of peace." He 
prepared a liturgy to be used by the preacher. 
Among the clergymen who have been connected 
with the church are : Rev. James M. Hubbard, 
in 1862 ; Rev. C. C. Tiffany, in 1863; Rev. S. B. 
Cruft, in 1864 and a part of 1865; and Rev. 



CHURCH HISTORY. I 57 

Henry A. Miles, Mr. Cruft's successor, whose 
sermon in memory of Mr. Sears, January 22, 
1 871, has been printed. Rev. Caleb Davis 
Bradlee, a well known clergyman, took charge 
in April, 1893, after the church had been without 
a regular minister for about fifteen years. There 
is now a large congregation. The pastor 
resigned in April, 1897, after a most successful 
ministry. His farewell sermon was delivered 
April 25th, and on the last day of the same week 
(May I, 1897,) he died. 



POLICE DEPARTMENT. 

In the autumn of 1857, a special police and 
night watch was appointed, to be under the 
direction of Mr. Augustus Allen. The hook and 
ladder house was used for temporary lodgers. 
In the years immediately following, a watch was 
on duty Saturday nights and Sundays. In 1870 
about eight men were employed and the arrests 
numbered nearly 200 a year. At the annual 
meeting a regular day and night force was 
ordered. As early as i860, Mr. John P. Sanborn 
had been elected truant officer, and in 1864 a 
constable. Until the force was enlarged, he 
remained the only regular officer, but with power 
to call upon the other constables. In 1870 he 
was made chief and in 1874 submitted his first 
written report. 

Alonzo Bowman was appointed chief of police 
to succeed Mr. Sanborn in 1876, and so has 



POLICE DEPARTMENT. I 59 

already served over twenty years. The other 
officers of the force now (1897) are : First 
lieutenant, George F. Dearborn ; second lieuten- 
ant, B. Frank Bartlett ; inspector, Albert S. 
Paige ; first sergeant, Alonzo W. Corey ; second 
sergeant, Joseph J. O'Connell ; third sergeant, 
Edward J. Mealey, Jr. ; court officer, Albert S. 
Paige. 

June 23, 1870, a vote was passed to appropri- 
ate ;^3,ooo,"to finish and furnish a police station 
in the new hose-house." In March, 1872, the 
selectmen were authorized to purchase a lot of 
land on which to erect a station. After an 
ineffectual attempt to have a new building, a 
committee reported April 14, 1873, in favor of 
altering the old Town Hall, which had been 
superseded by the new Town Hall in February 
of the same year, for a police station, a court 
room for the trial justice, and an evening school. 
The report was accepted and the department 
still occupies the building. 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

In 1788, Colonel Aspinwall and Lieutenant 
Crofts were chosen fire wards, the first men- 
tioned in the records. The town relied upon 
Roxbury for help in emergencies, and in 1795 it 
was " Voted, to pay one-half of the expences of 
the repairs of the fire engine in futer." In 1829 
a committee was appointed ''to see what amount 
the town of Roxbury have allowed for the 
purchase of hose and buckets for the new engine 
Norfolk, and that this town meet them in any 
expense for the same, not exceeding fifty 
dollars." Brookline citizens subscribed ^325 
and Roxbury $150. The engine cost $400, 
leaving a balance to be used in building an 
engine house. 

In 1839 a new engine, the " Brookline," built 
by Hunneman, was purchased for $900, and in 
March, 1842, the Norfolk was reported sold, 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. l6l 

after considerable trouble arising from the joint 
ownership of the engine with Roxbury. The 
"Brookline" was burned in 1843. These 
engines were manned by citizens who formed 
themselves into a company. 

The present engine house on Washington 
street was built in 1871, on the site of the 
former building. In the same year the election 
of fire wards was discontinued, and a 
board of engineers was appointed by the 
selectmen. 

Under the new arrangement Alfred Kenrick, 
Jr., became chief engineer, and J. Thomas 
Waterman was chosen clerk. The engine which 
took the place of the " Brookline " was still in 
use, after more than thirty years of service. 
There were at the time three organized com- 
panies. 

The first steam fire engine was ordered in 
1873, at a cost of $6,950, sufificient water supply 
having at last been provided. 



l62 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Mr. Kenrick resigned in 1874; ^is successors 
have been J. Thomas Waterman, William B. 
Sears, Horace A. Allyn, Moses Jones, and 
George H. Johnson, who has served as chief 
since 1878. Francis F. Muldowney and E. 
Frank Proctor are now (1897) associated with 
Mr. Johnson on the board of engineers. 



GEOLOGY. 
By Daniel S. Sanford. 
Brookline is situated at the center of the 
Boston basin, a circular area, which from its 
isolation and the uniformity of conditions which 
have prevailed within it, may be regarded as a 
geological unit. The history of the Boston basin, 
as interpreted by Prof. W. O. Crosby, has been 
the record of the slow accumulation of sediment 
under alternating deep and shallow water condi- 
tions, interrupted many times by periods of 
volcanic activity of varying intensity, and termin- 
ated by a mountain-making epoch during which 
the thick sedimentary beds were compressed into 
great east and west ridges and lifted permanently 
above sea level. Such a condensed statement 
necessarily fails to give any adequate notion 
of the long ages of slow subsidence, of the 
frequent intervals of minor disturbance when 



164 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

rock masses were fractured and displaced, and 
lava poured forth " a liquid flood " over the sea 
bottom, and, least of all, of the aeons of time 
during which the uplifted rocks were subjected 
to the destructive action of mechanical and 
chemical erosion, until a further elevation of the 
continent ushered in the glacial period. 

In all of these experiences Brookline shared, 
and the record of many of them is still easily 
decipherable. One does not need to cross the 
town's boundaries to find evidences of nearly 
every force known to geology. Heat and cold, 
fire and water and ice have done their work ; 
volcanoes, earthquakes, glaciers, freshet and 
ocean have combined to make Boston's most 
beautiful suburb. 

The conglomerate ledges of the town form 
the crest of the largest and most central of the 
parallel ridges mentioned above ; the melaphyre 
beds in the northwest corner of the town are 
believed to be a surface flow of lava below and 



GEOLOGY. 165 

antedating the conglomerate ; and the slate, 
which appears in a narrow synclinal trough 
near the Chestnut Hill reservoir, is perhaps the 
last remnant of an extensive deposit of slate 
which once overspread all the conglomerate, but 
was unable to withstand the erosive power of ice 
and water. In the section of the town east of 
Newton street and north of Clyde street there 
are several dikes, the largest, in Clyde park, 
being fully 90 feet wide. 

The northern end of the town, or, to speak 
more exactly, Brookline village and the section 
east of Boylston street and Chestnut Hill 
avenue, is drift buried, no outcrop of rock 
appearing. The glacial waste, consisting in the 
valleys and on the plains of assorted sand and 
gravel, and of hills of unmodified boulder-clay, 
covers everything. No well-defined terminal 
moraine appears, but the numerous boulders, 
the kettle holes in Muddy river valley and the 
Longwood district, and the drumlins show the 



l66 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

abundance of material which the retreating: 
glacier dropped in this vicinity. If the drift 
could be removed we should doubtless find 
a continuation of the rock series observed in 
the upper part of the town, the trough of 
slate broadening and flattening as it passed 
under Longwood, the Back Bay and Boston, and 
the conglomerate dipping from either side 
beneath it. 

An examination of the map accompanying 
this volume will reveal several glacial features. 
Corey, Aspinwall, Fisher, Singletree and several 
smaller hills, are of the same shape and have a 
common northwest southeast trend, their longer 
axes being parallel to one another and to the 
striae on the rocks. The oldest highways 
suggest a like parallelism, since they follow the 
valleys between the hills. The precise way in 
which these drumlins were formed is one of the 
unsolved problems of geology. Babcock Hill, 
one of the few extensive gravel deposits in the 



GEOLOGY. 167 

town, was wholly unlike them in character and 
origin. Hall's pond, commonly considered 
bottomless, is a true kettle hole, made by 
the late melting of a mass of ice around 
which the retiring glacier piled drift material. 
Ward's pond and Jamaica pond are of similar 
origin. 

The extent to which the early history of the 
town was determined and our life today is 
influenced by purely physical causes becomes 
apparent when we reflect that the swamps, the 
drainage, the streams, the position of the hills so 
much prized as places of residence, and the 
location of the first roads, were all determined 
by the way in which the glacier at its melting 
disposed of the great load of waste material with 
which it was freighted. 

In the clay beds of the Longwood district the 
first settlers found the material for brick making, 
one of their earliest industries. On the plain, 
which stretches from Corey and Aspinwall hills 



l68 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

to the Charles and Muddy rivers, and which is 
in fact a delta made of glacial waste, they 
found the richest pasture lands, and here, at a 
point where the first roads converged, sprang 
up the Punch Bowl village. The drift hills, 
though less fertile, when once subdued to 
cultivation, made farmland of enduring ex- 
cellence. 

Since the supply of gravel from Babcock Hill 
was exhausted, the town has used for the repair 
of its roads the conglomerate quarried from the 
Washington and Newton street ledges. Later 
recourse may be had to the Hammond street 
melaphyre beds, which will furnish a still better 
road metal. 

The changes wrought by the growth of Boston 
have augmented rather than diminished the 
influence of the glacier upon our modern life, for 
the drumlins more than any one other physical 
feature of the town, have fixed its residential 
character. 



vg^ 




<: 


kJ 




^ 


:; 




G 


OJ 




W 


c 


r^ 


0< 


o 


^' 


§ 


rt 




^ 






w 




U 


s 




U 


o 




ij 


K 




S 


w 







BOTANY. 
By Miss Emma G. Cummings. 

Up to 1850 the larger part of Brookline was 
covered with a growth of native trees. Of these 
many fine specimens here and there remain ; 
and there may still be found within its limits a 
majority of the trees native to Massachusetts, 
— a great variety, since in Massachusetts alone 
there are more species of trees than in any 
country of northern Europe. 

Longwood derived its name from the strip of 
woodland formerly extending from Aspinwall 
avenue to the old milldam,' now Commonwealth 
avenue. The largest tract of woodland, an area 
of about 500 acres, is bounded by Heath, 
Hammond, Newton and Clyde streets, where 
are to be seen white cedars and some fine large 
hemlocks and white pines. A smaller tract of 
about 50 acres extending from Boylston street 



I/O brookline: a favored town. 

to the line of the circuit raih'oad and Reservoir 
lane, has now growing upon it thirty different 
species of native trees, and many of them noble 
specimens of their kind : linden ; two maples, 
the red, and a giant sugar maple on the corner 
of Reservoir lane ; cherry, tupelo, ash, sassafras, 
elm, buttonwood ; four hickories, the shagbark 
or shelbark, mockernut, pignut and bitternut ; 
four birches, the black, yellow, white and canoe ; 
hornbeam, and hop hornbeam, not only plentiful 
in this region, but elsewhere in Brookline ; five 
different oaks, the white, swamp white, red, 
black and scarlet ; chestnuts, so large and old that 
they are falling to decay ; beech, white pine, pitch 
pine, hemlock, and red cedar. Some of these 
are represented by only a few trees. There 
are, besides, many of the smaller trees and 
shrubs, including shad, witch-hazel, cornel, alder, 
barberry, black alder (ilex), sumac, elder, 
viburnum, Benjamin bush, and willow. This is 
a region truly worthy to be preserved for the 



BOTANY. 171 

education of the public. On the Longwood 
playground are four tupelo trees, nearly all that 
are left of a species once numerous in the low- 
lands of Brookline. 

Foreign trees have been planted along our 
streets and avenues, such as Norway maple, 
sycamore maple, European linden, English elm, 
horsechestnut, and Norway spruce. But in 
recent years, many native trees have been 
planted, notably scarlet oak and elm on the 
Beacon street boulevard ; red, white, and pin 
oak, sugar maple and white ash in the parkway, 
besides in the latter place hundreds of shrubs of 
the barberry, now thoroughly naturalized, cornel 
or dogwood, and viburnum, showy at all seasons, 
but especially the viburnum opulus, or high 
bush cranberry, with its clusters of scarlet 
berries in the autumn. 

Have the wild flowers disappeared with the 
encroachment of civilization ? perhaps some one 
will ask. Not altogether. Besides the commonest 



172 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

wayside and wild flowers the seeker will still 
find growing hepatica, rue-anemone, marsh 
marigold, goldthread, columbine, corydalis, 
fringed polygala, cardinal flower, beech-drops, 
lady's slipper, Solomon's seal, dog's-tooth violet, 
trillium, and a great variety of goldenrods and 
asters. 



THE BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. 

By Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. 

As one looks back at the Brookline of years 
ago when Muddy river meandered sluggishly 
between its less attractive banks, and Babcock's 
woods and many other places that have now 
been "improved" were wild and natural, when 
the cedar swamp lay, hardly known and unfre- 
quented, under the shadow of Denny's hill, from 
the ornithological standpoint we regret deeply 
that that day has ceased to be. With the 
advance of civilization many birds have been 
deprived of their former homes. One can 
remember the day when "peep," marsh wren 
and rail were common along the creek, when 
red-winged blackbirds bred by hundreds in 
Babcock's swamp, and only a year ago a noted 
and extensive night heronry was to be found 
within the town limits. 



174 brookline: a favored town. 

We cannot complain at the irresistible strides 
of town improvement, nevertheless those who 
love the wild and natural portions of this favored 
place cannot help mourning the loss of some 
spot, the only home of a certain bird within our 
borders, when improvement meant not only the 
routing of that bird from that particular spot, 
but from the town altogether. The following 
list, incomplete as it must be, shows, however, 
what a wealth of bird life we still have and un- 
doubtedly will have for many years to come. 

Thanks are due Mr. Frederick H. Kennard of 
Brookline, Mr. Arthur L. Reagh of West Rox- 
bury, Mr. Henry V. Greenough of Longwood, 
Mr. George C. Shattuck of Boston, and Mr. 
Francis H. Allen of West Roxbury, for kind 
assistance in the compiling of this list. 

Note.— For explanation of reference marks see end of list. 

1. Podilymbus podiceps — Pied-billed Grebe. Mr. 

William A. Eldredge shot a single bird on 
Muddy creek, in Longwood, about 1883. 6 

2. Anas obscura — Black Duck. Rare fall and spring 

migrant, Longwood-avenue marsh. 133 



BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. I75 

3. Anas discors — Blue-winged Teal. Mr. Allen 

noted a bird of this species on Weld pond, 
October 26, 1884. 140 

4. Branta canadensis — Canada Goose. Migrant. || 

172 

5. Botaurus lentiginosiis — American Bittern. 

Migrant, t 190 

6. Ardetta exilis — Least Bittern. Formerly 

a summer resident.! 191 

7. Ardea herodias — Great Blue Heron. Un- 

common migrant. II 194 

8. Ardea virescens — Green Heron. Summer 

resident. Known to breed just outside 
town limits.! 201 

9. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius — Night Heron. 

Abundant summer resident and migrant, 
rare winter resident.! 202 

10. Rallus virginianus — Virginia Rail. Formerly 

summer resident.! 212 

11. Porzana Carolina — Sora. Formerly common 

summer resident. || 214 

12. Fulica americana — American Coot. Mr. Geo. 

R. Wales shot a single bird on Muddy 
creek, in Longwood, about 1883. 221 

13. Philohela minor — American Woodcock. Mi- 

grant. [Rare summer resident.!] 228 

14. Gallinago delicata — Wilson's Snipe. Uncom- 

mon fall migrant. || 230 

15. Tringa maculata — Pectoral Sandpiper. Un- 

common fall migrant.t 239 

1 6. Tringa minutilla -Least Sandpiper. Three birds 

taken at Weld pond, May 8, i89o.§il1: 242 

17. Totanus flavipes — Yellow-legs. One bird, 

August, 1888, Weld pond. § 255 

1 8. Totanus solitarius — Solitary Sandpiper. 

Common migrant. || 256 



176 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

19. Actitis macularia — Spotted Sandpiper. Mi- 

grant. [§ Breeding near Weld pond, 
i888.]§1:t 263 

20. Colinus virginianus — Bob White. Perman- 

ent resident. || 289 

21. Bonasa umbellus — Ruffed Grouse. Common 

permanentresident.il 300 

Ectopistes migratorius — Passenger Pigeon. 

Formerly reported rare migrant.! 315 

22. Circus hudsonius — Marsh Hawk. Summer 

resident.tll 331 

23. Accipiter velox — Sharp-shinned Hawk. 

[t Fairly common summer resident.] Com- 
mon migrant. II 332 

24. Accipiter cooperii — Cooper's Hawk. Summer 

resident and migrant.f 333 

25. Buteo lineatus — Red-shouldered Hawk. Com- 

mon summer resident and migrant. || 339 

26. Buteo latissimus — Broad-winged Hawk. Mi- 

grant! 343 

Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis — Ameri- 
can Rough-legged Hawk. A single bird 
was seen only a few hundred yards over the 
border line in West Roxbury — the bird 
undoubtedly entered Brookline.§ 347<^ 

27. Halioeetus leucocephalus — Bald Eagle. Acci- 

dental visitant.f 352 

28. Falco columbarius-Pigeon Hawk. Migrant. || 

29. Falco sparverius — Sparrow Hawk.|| Rare 

summer resident. [§ Rare migrant.] 360 

30. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis — Osprey. Un- 

common migrant. 364 

3 1 . Asio wilsonianus — American Long-eared Owl. 

Rare, permanent resident.!* 366 

32. Syrnium nebulosum — Barred Owl. Rare, 

permanent resident. || 368 



BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. 177 

33. Nyctala acadica — Saw-whet Owl. Rare, win- 

ter visitant. ,72 

34. Megascops asio — Screech Owl. Common, 

permanent resident. |( 373 

Nyctea nyctea — Snowy Owl. Accidental vis- 
itant. Have been reported in upper Brook- 
Ime.t 376 

35. Coccyzus americanus — YelloM^-billed Cuckoo. 

Commonsummerresident.il 387 

36. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus— Black-billed Cuc- 

koo. Commonsummerresident.il 388 
Z7. Cerylealcyon— Belted Kingfisher. Common 
migrant. II [One record of breeding.^] 390 

38. Dryobates villosus — Hairy Woodpecker. Mi- 

grant. || 393 

39. Dryobates pubescens medianus — Downy 

Woodpecker. Common, permanent resi- 
dent. II 3c,4 

40. Sphyrapicus varius— Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. 

Common migrant. [fOne winter record.] || 

41. Melanerpes erythrocephalus — Red-headed 

Woodpecker. Formerly summer resident in 
Longwood, at least for one season. || .? 406 

42. Colaptes auratus — Flicker. Abundant, per- 

manent resident. II 412 

43. Antrostomus vociferus — Whip-poor-will. Mi- 

grant. t*l [$ Rare summer resident.] 417 

44- Chordeilesvirginianus— Night Hawk. Sum- 

mer resident and common migrant. || 420 

45- Chaetura pelagica — Chimney Swift. Common 

summer resident. || 423 

46. Trochilus colubris — Ruby-throated Humming- 

bird. Summer resident. || 428 

47. Tyrannus tyrannus — Kingbird. Common sum- 

mer resident. || 444 



178 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

48. Myiarchus crinitus — Crested Flycatcher. Sum- 

mer resident and common migrant. || 452 

49. Sayornis phoebe — Phoebe. Summer resident 

and common migrant. || 456 

50. Contopus virens — Wood Pewee. Common 

summer resident. || 461 

5 1 . Empidonax minimus — Least Flycatcher. 

Common summer resident. || 467 

52. Cyanocitta cristata — Blue Jay. Abundant, 

permanentresident.il 477 

S2. Corvus americanus — American Crow. Abun- 
dant, permanent resident, || 488 

54. Dolichonyx oryzivorus — Bobolink. Common 

summer resident, jj 494 

55. Molothrus ater — Cow bird. Common sum- 

mer resident. || 495 

56. Agelaius phoeniceus — Red-winged Blackbird. 

Common summer resident. || 498 

57. Sturnella magna — Meadow Lark. Summer 

resident. Breeding just outside town 
limits. 501 

58. Icterus galbula — Baltimore Oriole. Abundant 

summer resident. || 507 

59. Scolecophagus carolinus — Rusty Blackbird. 

Abundant spring and uncommon fall 
migrant. II 509 

60. Quiscalus quiscula a^neus — Bronzed Grackle. 

Common summer resident. || 51 iZ* 

61. Pinicola enucleator — Pine Grosbeak. Com- 

mon irregular winter visitant. || 515 

62. Carpodacus purpureus — Purple Finch. Resi- 

dent, common migrant, winter visitant. || 

517 
6^. Loxia curvirostra minor — American Crossbill. 

Common migrant.! 521 

64. Loxia leucoptera — White-winged Crossbill. 

Rare winter visitant.! 522 



BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. I79 

65. Acanthis linaria — Redpoll. Common irregu- 

lar winter visitant. || 528 

66. Spinus tristis — American Goldfinch. Abun- 

dant permanent resident. || 529 

6y. Spinus pinus — Pine Siskin. Common winter 
visitant. II 533 

68. Plectrophenax nivalis — Snowflake. Rare 

winter visitant, Denny's Hill.* 534 

69. Poocsetes gramineus — Vesper Sparrow. Sum- 

mer resident and common migrant. || 540 

70. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna — Sa- 

vanna Sparrow. Common migrant. || 542^ 

71. Zonotrichia albicollis — White-throated Spar- 

row. Common migrant, a few winter. || 

558 

72. Spizella monticola — Tree Sparrow. Common 

winter resident. || 559 

73. Spizella socialis — Chipping Sparrow. Abun- 

dant summer resident. || 560 

74. Spizella pusilla — Field Sparrow. Summer resi- 

dent,breeding just outside town limits. I| 563 

75. Junco hyemalis — Junco. Abundant migrant 

and common winter resident. || 567 

y6. Melospizafasciata — Song Sparrow. Abundant 
summer and uncommon winter resident. || 

581 

77. Melospiza georgiana — Swamp Sparrow. 

Common migrant and a summer resident. || 

584 

78. Passerella iliaca — Fox Sparrow. Common 

^ migrant. || 585 

79. Pipilo erythrophthalmus — Towhee. Summer 

resident. One winter record, Longw^ood, 
1896.11^ 587 

80. Zamelodia ludoviciana — Rose-breasted Gros- 

beak. Commonsummerresident.il 595 



l80 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

81. Guiraca caerulea — Blue Grosbeak. One 

record " of a male taken in Brookline May 
29, 1880, by Mr. Gordon Plummer." 597 

82. Passerina cyanea — Indigo Bunting. Common 

summerresident.il 598 

83. Passerina ciris — Painted Bunting. One record 

of a bird taken June 5, 1896. There is a 
chance, however, of this being an escaped 
cage bird. til 601 

84. Passer domesticus — English Sparrow. An 

abundant resident. 
Carduelis carduelis — English Goldfinch. I 
noted a single bird of this species in com- 
pany with a few American Goldfinches in 
May, 1892, in Longwood. There is a chance 
of this bird being an escaped caged bird, 
but it is probable that it was one of the 
Goldfinches or their offspring that were 
imported to this country not long ago. 

85. Piranga erythromelas — Scarlet Tanager. 

Common summer resident. || 608 

86. Progne subis — Purple Martin. Occasional. § 

611 
^y. Petrochehdon lunifrons — Cliff Swallow. [§ 
Occasional.] [|| Formerly a summer resident.] 

612 

88. Chelidon erythrogastra — Barn Swallow. For- 

merly common summer resident, now rare 
summer resident. || 613 

89. Tachycineta bicolor — Tree Swallow. Com- 

mon migrant and summer resident.! 614 

90. Clivicola riparia — Bank Swallow. Occa- 

sional. § 616 

91. Ampelis cedrorum — Cedar Wax-wing. Com- 

mon permanent resident, less common in 
midwinter. || 619 



BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. i8l 

92. Laniusborealis — Northern Shrike. Common 
winterresident.il 521 

93- Vireo oHvaceus — Red-eyed Vireo. Abun- 
dant summer resident. || 624 

94. Vireo gilvus — Warbling Vireo. Comnion 

summerresident.il 627 

95. Vireo flavifrons — Yellow-throated Vireo. 

Common summer resident. || 628 

96. Vireo solitarius — Solitary Vireo. Common 

migrant and uncommon summer resident. 

629 

97. Vireo noveboracensis — White-eyed Vireo. 

Uncommon summer resident. 631 

98. Mniotiltavaria— Black and White Warbler 

Common migrant, [f § Summer resident.] || 

99. Helminthophila chrysoptera — Golden-winged 

Warbler. Common migrant. [Summer 
resident. §] 5 

100. Helminthophila rubricapilla— Nashville Warb- 
ler. Common migrant. [Summer resi- 
^ de^t-§]ll . 645 

loi. Compsothlypis americana usne^e — Parula 
Warbler. Abundant migrant. || 648 

102. Dendroica ^estiva — Yellow Warbler. Abun- 

dant summer resident. || 652 

103. Dendroica c^erulescens — Black-throated Blue 

Warbler. Common migrant. || 654 

104. Dendroica coronata — Myrtle Warbler. Abun- 

dant migrant. [Rare winter resident. §] || 

105. Dendroica maculosa — MagnoHa Warmer 

Common migrant. || 657 

106. Dendroica pensylvanica — Chestnut -sided 

VVarbler. Common summer resident and 
abundant migrant. || ^rg 



1 82 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

107. Dendroica striata — Black-poll Warbler. Com- 

mon spring and abundant fall migrant. || 661 

108. Dendroica blackburniae — Blackburnian War- 

bler. Uncommon migrant. 662 

109. Dendroica virens — Black-throated Green War- 

bler. Common summer resident and abun- 
dant migrant. II 667 
no. Dendroica vigorsii — Pine Warbler. Common 
migrant. [Summer resident. §]|| 671 

111. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea — Yellow 

Palm Warbler. Common migrant.! 672^ 

112. Dendroica discolor — Prairie Warbler. Un- 

common migrant. [Summer resident. §] 673 

113. Seiurus aurocapillus — Oven Bird. Abundant 

summer resident. || 674 

1 1 4. Seiurus noveboracensis — Water Thrush. Com- 

mon migrant. || 675 

115. Geothlypis agilis — Connecticut Warbler. Rare 

fall migrant. || 678 

116. Geothlypis trichas — Maryland Yellow-throat. 

Common summer resident. || 681 

117. Icteria virens — Yellow-breasted Chat. One 

bird. 1890. § 683 

118. Sylvania pusilla — Wilson's Warbler. Mi- 

grant. § 685 

119. Sylvania canadensis — Canadian Warbler. 

Common migrant and local summer resi- 
dent. II ^ _ 686 

120. Setophaga ruticilla — Redstart. Abundant 

summer resident. || 687 

121. Anthus pensilvanicus — American Pipit. Com- 

mon fall and spring migrant. |§ 697 

122. Galeoscoptes carolinensis — Cat-bird. Abun- 

dant summer resident. || 704 

123. Harporhynchus rufus — Brown Thrasher. Com- 

mon migrant. Breeding just outside of 
town limits. || 705 



BIRDS OF BROOKLINE. I83 

124. Troglodytes aedon — House Wren. Local 

summer resident.! 721 

125. Troglodytes hiemalis — Winter Wren. Rare 

migrant. One winter record. || 722 

126. Cistothorus palustris — Long-billed Marsh 

Wren. I [Formerly common summer resi- 
dent. Old Brookline marsh, now Leverett 
pond.t] 725 

127. Certhia familiaris americana — Brown Creep- 

er. Common winter resident. || 726 

128. Sitta carolinensis — White-breasted Nuthatch. 

Common winter resident and rare summer 
resident. || 727 

129. Sitta canadensis — Red-breasted Nuthatch. 

Common migrant. || 728 

130. Parus atricapillus — Chickadee. Abundant 

permanent resident. Ii 735 

131. Regulus satrapa — Golden-crowned Kinglet. 

Common winter resident. !| 748 

132. Regulus calendula — Ruby-crowned Kinglet. 

Common migrant. || 749 

133. Polioptila caerulea — Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. 

One bird taken September 8, i887.§ 751 

134. Turdus mustelinus — Wood Thrush. Common 

summer resident. 755 

135. Turdus fuscescens — Wilson's Thrush. Com- 

mon summer resident. 756 

136. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii — Olive-backed 

Thrush. Common migi'ant.li 758^ 

137. Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii — Hermit Thrush. 

Common migrant. || 759^ 

138. Merula migratoria — Robin. Abundant sum- 

mer resident and uncommon winter resi- 
^ dentil 761 

139. Sialia sialis — Blue-bird. Common summer 

resident until severe winter of 1895. Now 
regaining numbers. || 667 



184 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 
SUMMARY. 

Species that have been noted within the town 
limits of Brookline by six observers since 1880, 139 ; 
species that breed within the town Umits, 70 ; 
species that formerly bred within the town limits, 9 ; 
species noted in the Hall's pond region by three 
observers since about 1880, 100; species that breed 
within the Hall's pond region, 21 ; species that 
bred formerly within the Hall's pond region, 5. 

Species that I have not noted, but which have 
been observed by Mr. Kennard, are indicated by a t ; 
by Mr. Shattuck, by a * ; by Mr. Greenough, by a $ ; 
by Mr. Reagh, by a §, and species that have no 
observer's mark following them I have noted, as 
have others in many instances. Species indicated 
by a II have been noted in the Hall's pond (formerly 
Swallow pond) region (in Longwood), a wonderful 
rus in iirbe for birds. Figures at the end of each 
paragraph indicate the American Ornithologists' 
Union check-list number. 



LIST OF GRANTEES, 1635-48. 

Note.— Where no date is given the grant was made in tlie great 
allotment of January, 1636-7. 

Alcock, Thomas, "his great allotment." 1636. 
Aronsby, Edmund, great lot 3 heads. 1638. 
Arratt, John, "great allotment." 1636. 
Arratt, John, 10 acres. 
Atkinson, Theodore, great lot 2 heads. 1640. 

Bayter, George, 15 acres. 

Beamsly, William, 16 acres. 

Becke, Alexander, 8 acres. 

Belchar, Edward, "great allotment." 1636. 

Bendall, Edward, 35 acres. 

Biggs, John, 8 acres. 

Blackstone, William, 15 acres. 

Blanton, William, carpenter, great lot 3 heads. 1639. 

Bourne, Jarratt, 8 acres. 

Bowen, Gryffen, great lot. 1639. 

Browne, Edward, 8 acres. 

Bulgar, Richard, 20 acres. 

Burchall, Henry, 15 acres. 

Bushnall, Francis, 24 acres. 

Buttles, Leonard, bricklayer, great lot 4 heads. 1639. 

Colborne, Mr. William, " his proportion of ground for 
a farm .... near unto and about his house." 1635. 
Coulborne, Mr. William, 150 acres. 
Coulborne, Mr. William, 10 acres marsh. 
Coulbron, Mr. William, fresh meadow. 1639. 
Cotton, Mr. John, "a sufficient allotment for a farm." 

1635- 
Cotton, Mr. John, " all that ground lying between 
the two brooks." 1636. 



1 86 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Cotton, Mr. John, 250 acres. 

Courser, William, 10 acres. 

Cramme, John, 16 acres. 

Cranwell, John, 10 acres. 

Curtys, George, great lot 2 heads. 1639. 

Davisse, James, 10 acres. 

Day, Mr. Wentworth, 100 acres. 1641. 

Deming, William, 10 acres. 

Dominqe, William, "great allotment." 1636. 

Dyneley, William, 24 acres. 

EHot, Jacob, "swamp that joineth to his allotment." 

1648. 
Elkyn, Henry, 8 acres. 

Fairbancke, Richard, 24 acres. 
Fitch, James and Richard, 16 acres. 
Fletcher, Edward, great lot 3 heads. 1640. 
Flint, Mr. Thomas, 24 acres marsh. 1636. 

Griggs, George, 28 acres. 
Grosse, Edward, lot 2 heads. 1640. 
Grosse, Isaac, "great allotment." 1636. 
Grosse, Isaack, 50 acres. 

Harker, Anthony, 8 acres. 

Heaton, Nathaniel, 20 acres. 

Hibbins, William, 300 acres. 1640. 

Hibbins, William, 10 acres. 1640. 

Hollidge, Richard, great lot 3 heads. 1639. 

Houlton, Robert, 16 acres. 

Hudson, William, the younger, great lot 3 heads. 1638. 

Hull, Robert, "great allotment." 1636. 

Ines, Mathew, 8 acres. 

Inge, Mawdit, great lot 3 heads. 1638. 



LIST OF GRANTEES. 1 87 

Jackson, Edmund, 8 acres. 
Johnson, James, 8 acres. 

Kenricke, John, great lot 4 heads. 1639. 

Leveritt, John, great lot 10 heads. 1639. 
Leveritt, Thomas, [his] proportion. 1635. 
Leveritt, Mr. Thomas, 100 acres. 
Leveritt, Mr. Thomas, 15 acres marsh. 
Love, John, " house plot and great lot." 1637. 

Mason, Ralph, great lot 6 heads. 1637. 
Mears, Robert, 20 acres. 
Messenger, Henry, great lot 2 heads. 1639. 
Mylam, John, 14 acres. 

Offley, David, great lot 15 heads. 1639. 
Oliver, James, 40 acres. 1640. 
Oliver, Peter, 60 acres. 1640. 
Oliver, Thomas, loo acres. 
Oliver, Mr. Thomas, 1 5 acres marsh. 
Ollyver, Mr. Thomas, [his] proportion. 1635. 
Olyvar, Mr. Thomas, fresh meadow. 1639. 
Ormesby, Anne, 8 acres. 

Painter, Thomas, joiner, great lot 4 heads. 1639. 

Pell, William, 25 acres. 

Pemmerton, John, 8 acres. 

Perry, Isaac, house plot and great lot 2 heads. 1637. 

Pormont, Philemon, 30 acres. 

Purton, Elizabeth, 8 acres. 

Reade, Esdras, a tailor, great lot 4 heads. 1638. 
Reade, Robert, 8 acres. 
Reynolds, Robert, 25 acres. 
Route, Raphe, 12 acres. 

Salter, William, 8 acres. 

Saunders, Silvester, great lot 2 heads. 1637. 



1 88 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Savage, Thomas, 7 acres marsh. 1636. 

Scottoe, Joshua, great lot 3 heads. 1639. 

Scottoe, Thomas, "great lot 3 heads." 1637. 

Scottoe, Thomas, great lot 5 heads. 1639. 

Scottua, Thomas, small quantity. 1641. 

Scottua, Thomasyn, 16 acres. 

Sherman, Richard, great lot 7 heads. 1639. 

Smyth, John, tailor, great lot 3 heads. 1639. 

Snow, Thomas, 10 acres. 

Snowe, Thomas, "great allotment." 1636. 

Talmadge, William, "great allotment." 1636. 

Talmadge, William, 15 acres. 

Tappin, Richard, 24 acres. 

Tinge, Mr. William, 500 acres. 1638. 

Ting, Mr. William, 100 acres more. 1639. 

Townsend, William, 8 acres. 

Turner, Robert, 10 acres. 

Turner, our brother, land. 1641. 

Tytus, Robert, 20 acres. 

Underbill, Captain, "great allotment of 80 acres." 

1636. 
Underbill, Captain John, 4 score acres. 

Walker, Robert, 14 acres. 

Walker, Robert, 5 acres marsh. 

Ward, Benjamin, 12 acres. 

Wardall, Thomas, 20 acres. 

Wheeler, Thomas, "great allotment." 1636. 

Wheeler, Thomas, great lot 3 heads. 1630. 

Wilson, Jacob, great lot 3 heads. 1638. 

Wilson, William, 12 acres. 

Winchester, Alexander, 20 acres. 

Wing, Robert, great lot 4 heads. 1639. 

Woodward, Nathaniel, the elder, 28 acres. 

Woodward, Nathaniel, great lot 3 heads. 1639. 



BROOKLINE CITIZENS IN 1679. 



The Names of the Male Persons, Living at 
Muddy River (within the Township of Bos- 
ton) WHO have taken the Oath of Allegiance. 
[21ST April, 1679.] 



Eclwd Devotion 
John Devotion 
Rob* Grandy 
John Parker Sen^" 
John Parker Jun'«" 
John Winchesf Jun^ 
Tho : Woodward Sen^ 
Thorn : Woodward Jun^ 
Peter Aspinwall 
Samll Aspinwall 
James Pemberton 
Joseph Pemberton 
Michael Raseford 
Tho : Gardin"^ Sen^ 
Andrew Gardin^ 
Tho : Gardinr Junr 
Joshua Gardini" 
Caleb Gardinr 
Ri : Woolf ar 
Christo Pigott 
John Jennison 
John Ackors 
Edw : Chamberlyn 
Jacob Chamberlyn 
Dorman Morean 
Isaac Heath Jun^ 



Isaac Heath Senior 
Jno Winchestr Senr 
Ebenezr Hudson 
Rosamond Drue 
Clement Corbin 
labesh Buckmaster 
Jno Kelton 
Jno Hubbard 
Edwd Kubey 
Joshua Kubey 
Sam : Clarke 
John Clarke 
George Bersto 
Jno White Sen^ 
Benjn white 
Jno White Jun^ 
Joseph White 
Jno Clarke 
Uriah Clarke 
Tho : Kelton 
Tho: Boyleston 
Mathew Preist 
Tho : Kelton 
Tho : Boyleston 
Henr}' Segar 
William Willis 



190 BROOKLINE I A FAVORED TOWN. 

Sam : Duncam John Griggs 

Joseph Davis Edw^ Cooke 

Rob<^ Harris Tho Steadman 

Timo Harris Jno Sanall 

Danil Harris Jno Stebbins . 

John Harris Simon Gates 

— \_Fro?7i the manuscript ^'Record of the Suffolk County 
Court, 1671-80,'''' notu in the Boston AthencEuin. 



FOUNDERS OF THE CHURCH, 1717, 
As given by Dr. Pierce. 

i. James Allen, Pastor elect, 

ii. Thomas Gardner, Deacon, 

iii. John Winchester, 

iv. Joseph White, 

V. Josiah Winchester, 

vi. Samuel Sewall, 

vii. William Story, 

viii. Joseph Goddard, 

ix. Thomas Stedman, 

X. Joshua Stedman, 

xi. John Winchester, son of iii., 

xii. Caleb Gardner, son of ii., 

xiii. Benjamin White, Deacon, son of .iv., 

xiv. Samuel White, son of iv., 

XV. Amos Gates, 

xvi. Ebenezer Kenrick, 

xvii. Addington Gardner. 

SISTERS. 

xviii. Mary Gardner, wife of ii., 

xix. Joanna Winchester, wife of iii., 

XX. Hannah White, wife of iv., 

xxi. Mary Winchester, wife of v., 

xxii. Mary Boylston, 

xxiii. Sarah Stedman, 

xxiv. Desire Ackers, 

XXV. Hannah Stedman, 

xxvi. Rebecca Sewall, wife of vi., 

xxvii. Abigail Stor>% 

xxviii. Mary Stedman, 



192 



BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 



xxix. Sarah Winchester, 

XXX. Abiel Gardner, 

xxxi. Ann White, wife of xiv., 

xxxii. Hannah Kenrick, 

xxxiii. Tryphena Woodward, 

xxxiv. Eunice Clark, 

XXXV. Mary Gardner, 

xxxvi. Susanna Gardner, 

xxxvii. EUsabeth Boylston, 

xxxviii. EUsabeth Taylor, 

xxxix. Frances Winchester. 



PEWS DISPOSED OF APRIL 29, lyii 

1. Samuel Sewall, 

ii. John Winchester, sen., 

iii. Capt. Samuel Aspinwall, 

iv. Lieut. Thomas Gardner, 

V. John Seaver, 

vi. John Druce, 

vii. Joseph Gardner, 

viii. Josiah Winchester, sen., 

ix. Thomas Stedman, 

X. William Sharp, 

xi. Ensign Benjamin White, 

xii. Benjamin White, jun., 

xiii. Peter Boylston, 

xiv. Ministerial pew. 



SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR. 

A List of Brookline Men who were in the 
Army and Navy During the War of the 
Rebellion. 

This list is intended to include the name of every 
man engaged on the Northern side who lived in the 
town from 1861 to 1865, or who could fairly be called 
"a Brookline boy" by birth or education. It is 
perhaps too much to hope that the list is entirely 
free from errors or omissions, since the original 
records give in each case the town enlisted from, 
rather than the residence. 

ARMY. 

Daniel D. Adams, Alonzo Bowman, 

George Adams, George C. Burrill, 

Edward F. Allen, Edward C. Cabot, 

George E. Archer, Louis Cabot, 

D. W. Atkinson, William L. Candler, 

George A. Bailey, Charles D. Gates, 

Pascal Barrel, Jr., Michael Campbell, 

Herbert S. Barlow, Michael Canty, 

Benjamin F. Baxter, Edward A. Chamberlin, 

J. Nelson Bogman, George B. Chamberlin, 

Robert Bowes, J. H. Chamberlin, 

Wilham Bowes, Charles L. Chandler, 



194 



BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 



Burnham C. Clark, 
John W. Clark, 
Charles G. Colbath, 
William B. Cowan, 
Casper Crowninshield, 
Bartholomew Cusick, 
John B. Cusick, 
Thomas J. Cusick, 
James A. Dale, 
P. Stearns Davis, 
Samuel Dean, 
G. F. Dearborn, 
Fred Dexter, 
Thomas Dillon, 
Thomas Divine, 
Charles Dwight, 
Howard Dwight, 
Wilder Dwight, 
William Dwight, Jr., 
Charles A. Dwyer, 
Horace N. Fisher. 
John Herbert Fisher, 
Frank Fitz, 
Joseph W. Funk, 
George W^ Funk, 
Patrick Gallagher, 
J. Frank Getchell, 
Louis G. Getchell, 
Luther H. Gilman, 
Warren H. Gilson, 
William Goddard, 
Charles E. Griswold, 
William Gregory, 
Willard Y. Gross, 
Charles O. Hallett, 
Llewellyn Ham, 
William F. Hall, 



John C. Hard}', 
Nathaniel P. Harris, 
Frank E. Howe, 
Elisha A. Jacobs, 
William H. Jameson, 
Arthur Kemp, 
John D. Kelly, 
Malcolm G. Kittredge, 
Alonzo B. Langley, 
John Lawton, 
R. C. Lincoln, 
William E. Long, 
Theodore Lj^man, 
John Lynch, 
Michael Lynch, 
Thomas Maloney, 
Charles E. Maynard, 
Charles B. McCausland, 
John McEttrick, 
Michael McGrath, 
Charles Mcintosh, 
Frank H. Mcintosh, 
Frederick H. Mellen, 
Jacob Miller, 
Michael P. Mulrey, 
Mark B. Mulvy, 
Robert Murray, 
William Nichols, 
William W. O'Connell, 
Henry Orcutt, 
Mears Orcutt, 
Charles L. Perry, 
Edward S. Perry, 
Julius A. Phelps, 
Albert A. Pope, 
George Pope, 
Thomas Quinlan, 



SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR. 



195 



Hiram P. Ring, 
Edward B. Richardson, 
George P. Richardson, 
James M. Richardson, 
Spencer W. Richardson, 
WiUiam C. Richardson, 
William E. Richardson, 
James F. Robinson, 
George R. Rogers, 
Charles E. Rollins, 
George M. Rollins, 
Edmund Russell, 
Charles S. Sargent, 
Aug. N. Sampson, 
Daniel Sawyer, 
Frank H. Scudder, 
Henry B. Scudder, 
WiUiam B. Sears, 
Edward N. Selfridge, 
Mark Wentworth Sheaf e, 
Wilham (?) Sherriff, 
Carleton A. Shurtleff, 
Daniel W. Simpson, 
James W. Sinclair, 
George A. Slack, 
Charles C. Soule, 
George T. Stearns, 
James P. Stearns, 
Lyman P. Stephens, 
George Stoddard, 
George H. Stone, 
H. V. D. Stone, 



J. Kent Stone, 
John Sweeney, 
Clarence H. Thayer, 
John Gorham Thayer, 
Theodore Thayer, 
Enoch Thomas, 
Matthew Towle, 
Charles Townsend, 
Thaddeus J. Townsend, 
Wm. Henry Trowbridge, 
Joseph Turner, 
Fergus B. Turner, 
Osavius Verney, 
E. Clifford Walker, 
W. H. Warren, 
Augustus Waterman, 
J. H. Wellman, 
W. L. Wellman, 
Thomas Whalen, 
William H. White, 
Horace C. Whitfield, 

B, F. Whitehouse, 

C. H. Whitney, 
J. H. Whitney, 
Edward A. Wild, 
Burt Green Wilder, 
Alfred Winsor, Jr., 
Gershom C. Winsor, 
James C. Withington, 
John C. Withington, 
Horace P. Williams, 
John S. Woods. 



John S. G. Aspinwall, 
Charles L. Bixby, 



XAVY. 



Danforth, 

Terrance Gallagher, 



196 



BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 



Joseph F. Green, 
Winslow L. Hallett, 
Frederic Hutchers, 
Samuel G. Lamson, 
D. F. Lincoln, 
Patrick Linney, 
Stephen Longfellow, 
Patrick Mitchell, 



John O'Dea, 
Charles B. Pine, 
Thomas O. Selfridge, 
Thomas O. Selfridge, 
George G. Stoddard, 
George Treadwell, 
Henry W. Wells. 



Jr. 



COMMISSIONERS OF PLANTATIONS. 

Edward S. Philbrick, Richard Soule, Jr. 



Names of Men now in Brookline who Served 
FROM Other Places in the Civil War. 



ARMY. 



John H. Allen, 
George L. Andrews, 
Francis H. Bacon, 
Erastus Blakeslee, 
Watts H. Bowker, 
John Carleton, 
James W. Cartwright, 
James Cass, 
Amasa Clark, 
Thomas W. Clements, 
John Coffey, 
William C. Cotter, 
Ira B. Gushing, 
Willard E. Daggett, 
Henry C. Dimond, 
Charles H. Drew, 
Samuel W. Duncan, 
Dana Estes, 



William Finney, 
Arthur Finnegan, 
Charles G. Fowler, 
Henry T. Hall, 
Joseph W. Hall, 
Charles D. Hammer, 
Charles E. Hapgood, 
David I. Harmon, 
George E. Henry, 
C. E. Hicks, 
Eben W. Hilton, 
Charles A. Hopkins, 
Charles W. Kellogg, 
Henry K. Langdon, 
Augustus S. Lovett, 
Henry S. Macomber, 
Bernard Malone, 
John Knox Marshall, 



SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR. 



197 



Albert Mason, 
Alfred McKenna, 
George W. Moore, 
James S. Newell, 
Castelly O. Norcross, 
Phillip A. Nordell, 
Henry K. Paine, 
Isaac Paine, 
Prince A. Phinney, 
Charles A. Pons, 
William Pree, 
Andrew Robeson, 
George R. Rogers, 



L. Frederick Rice, 
Alfred G. Sanborn, 
William B. Sears, 
Charles J. Seymour, 
William P. Shreve, 
William M. Snow, 
Archibald Starkweather, 
Edward Steese, 
Charles Storrow, 
William Stowe, 
Thomas H. Talbot, 
John A. Vining, 
William B. Webber. 



NAVY. 



George E. Belknap, 
John Cook, 
Samuel D. Edwards, 
Jeremiah Hayes, 



Edward Holloran, 
Cornelius Shannon, 
Francis H. Swan, 
WilUam W. Swan. 



POST OFFICE. 
A post office in Brookline was established in 1829. 

POSTMASTERS. 

First. Oliver Whyte, appointed in 1829. 
Second. Stephen S. C. Jones, appointed in 1845. 
Third. James M. Seamans, appointed Jan. i, 1851. 
Fourth. Clark S. Bixby, appointed in 1852. 
Fifth. Alexander H. Clapp, appointed June 30,1855. 
Sixth. John McCormack, appointed Dec. 12, 1858. 
Seventh. Cyrus W. Ruggles, appointed Sept. 30, 1865. 

The office became a branch of the Boston office 
in 1883. 

Isley M. Fogerty was appointed superintendent 
November i, 1887. 

The account books kept by Mr. Whyte are now in 
the Brookline Public Library, 



PUBLIC LIBRARY TRUSTEES. 

With the Years of Appointment. 

Abbott, John C, 1867-70. 

Amory, Robert, 1871-76. 

Aspinwall, William, 1858-74, 1878-92. 

Atkinson, Edward, 1857. 

Baker, Benjamin F., 1857-73, 1879- 

Bartlett, James, 1857, 

Bowditch, William I., 1857-61, 1867-71. 

Brown, Howard N., 1876-95. 

Cabot, Edward C, 1870-73. 

Candage, R. G. F., 1871- 

Candler, John W., 1864-72. 

Chandler, Alfred D., 1874-76. 

Chandler, Theophilus P., 1857-65. 

Codman, James M., 1874-87, 1892- 

Cotting, Charles U., 1863-70. 

Cummings, Prentiss, 1895- 

Dana, Edward A., 1857-58, 1865-68. 

Davis, Robert S., 1872-74. 

Diman, J. Lewis, 1863-64. 

Drew, Charles H., 1875- 

Dupee, James A., 1858, 1862. 

Emerson, Elijah C, 1859-69. 

Farley, James P., Jr., 1877-79. 

Fay, Clement K., 1875-77. 

FitzGerald, Desmond, 1887- 

Francis, Tappan E., 18S0- 

Gardner, John L., 1871 (declined). 

Haseltine, William B., 1880-94. 

Head, Charles D., 1866-89. 

Hedge, Frederic H., 1857-63 (1S64 declined). 

Hoar, J. Emory, 1895- 



200 BROOKLINE : A FAVORED TOWN. 

Homer, George F., 1858-74. 
Hovey, Edward C, 1888-92. 
Howe, James M., 1857-62. 
Lamson, William, 1864-75. 
Lawrence, Amos A., 1857-62. 
Parsons, Thomas, 1857-86. 
Philbrick, William D., 1863-65. 
Poor, Henry V., 1876-78. 
Shedd, J. Herbert, 1864. 
Shurtleff, Augustine, 1869- 
Soule, Charles C, 1888- 
Stanwood, Edward, 1892- 
Stearns, Marshal, 1857. 
Storrs, Leonard K., 1889- 
Talbot, Thomas H., 1879. 
Towle, George M., 1873-87. 
Turner, John N., 1857-63, 
Wellman, William A., 1859-63. 
Wells, John, 1875. 
Whitney, Henry M., 1877-78. 



INDEX. 

See also Grantees, pp. 185-188; Soldiers in the Civil War, pp. i93-i97: 
List of PubUc Library Trustees, pp. i99, 200. 



Abbott, JohnC. • .'• 
Ackers family . . ■ • 
Ackers, Desire . . • • 
Ackors, John .... 
Adams, Hannah . . . 
sketch of . • • • 

Isaac 

President John . • 
dinner party for 

Addicks,F. P 

Addison, Rev. D. D. 
Administration . . • 
Ager, Rev. J.C. . • • 
Allen, Augustus . . • 
F. H 



Page 

, . 78 
. • 31 
. .191 
. . 189 
. . 51 
. . 93 
. .113 
. . 25 
. . 29 

■ .144 

■ • 144 
. . 88 
. .149 
. .158 
. .174 



Rev. James .... 21, 92, 191 

salary 22 

and Whitefield 23 

All Saints I44 

Allyn, H. A. 162 

Amory, James S. • • • • 78, I43 

Robert 78,103 

Andrews, George L. ... 60, 196 
Annexation attempts . • • 76-82 
Archibald, Rev. W. E. ... i55 

Architects 107-109 

Arlington, Va 67 

Army, men in i93) 196 

Art 91 

Arthur, A. S 104 

Artists 104 

works of 105 

Aspinwall family 26 



Page 

Aspinwall, AUcia 103 

Augustus 141 

Peter 189 

Samuell 189, 192 

Thomas 47 

Lieut. Col. Thomas ... 53 
Dr. William . . . .37,46,143 

Hon. William 73 

sketch of 58 

war committee 60 

Aspinwall avenue .... 26, 142 

Aspinwall Hill 9, i3 

Atkinson, Edward 102 

pledges money for civil 

war 74 

WilUam P 116 

Atwood, Isaac R 125 

Auburn street 26 

Authors 91 

Babcockfarm 27 

Babcock Hill 9, i3 

Bacon, Francis H 196 

Baker, B. F 126, 136 

describes early library . 124 

Baltimore, 1861 64 

Baptism ^34 

Baptists 133 

Baptist church i33 

deacons 3° 

Barbour, Rev. T. S 136 

Barlow, Herbert, his letters 63-70 

his death 72 



2o: 



INDEX. 



Barnard, Governor, a refugee 43 

Bath-house 85 

inscriptions 87 

Bartlett, B. Frank 159 

James 6o 

Beaconsfield terraces .... 88 

Beacon street 10, 14 

laid out 55-57 

cost of boulevard • • • 57 

Bean, Mary A 127 

Belknap, George E 197 

Bell 133 

Bellows, Rev. John N. . . 116, 117 

Bent, S. Arthur 103 

Bersto, George 1S9 

Bethany building .... 137, 150 

Biddle, Rev. C. W 155 

Binney, C.S.F 129 

Birds, list of 173 

Bishop, Robert 86 

Bixby, C. S 198 

Blake, Mrs. A. W 105, 106 

Francis 109 

George B 'jt^ 

offer 60 

at news of Bull Run . . 72 

George S log 

Blake transmitter 109 

Blakeslee, Erastus 196 

Mrs. Erastus 103 

Blaney, Dwight 105 

Blodgett, Mabel F 103 

Blow, Susan E 102 

Bolton, Charles K 127 

Boston & Albany circuit ... 13 
Boston and Brookline petitions 16 
Boston & Worcester railroad, 

Brookline branch opened . 55 
Boston basin, geology of . . . 163 

Boston commons 16 

Boston neck 12 

Botany 169 

Bowditch, W. I. . . .102,105,128 



Bowker, Watts H 196 

Bowman, Alonzo .... 15S, 193 

Boylston family 25,26 

Boylston, Dudley, Jr., secedes 23 

Ehsabeth 192 

Mary 191 

her gift 47 

Peter 25, 192 

Dr. Thomas 25 

Dr. Zabdiel 25 

Boylston place 28 

Boylston street, laid out • • • 54 

Bradlee, Rev. CD 157 

Bradley's Hill 54 

Brackett, Annie L 129 

Rev. J.B 136 

Braislin, Rev. Edward . ... 136 

Brewer, A. G 152 

Brick yards 83 

Bridge in 1634-5 12 

Brighton ■ Si 

Brighton road 13 

Brighton street 27 

Brodbeck, Rev. W. N. . . 151, 154 

Brooklin, Sewall's farm ... 17 

Brookline, a pivotal point . . 12 

attempts to be free from 

Boston 16 

as seen from Boston ... 9 
Education society . . . .119 

first mentioned 91 

how favored 88, 90 

in 1660 15 

in 1675 15 

in 1700 19 

in 1S50 169 

fire engine 160 

origin of the name ... 17, 83 

petition, 1686 16 

Brookline village, geology . . 165 

Brooks, George 137 

Brown, Rev. Cotton 21 

Brown, Rev. Howard N. . . .132 



INDEX. 



203 



Buckmaster, labesh 189 

Buckminster family . . . . 31, 95 
Buckminster, Rev. J. S. . . . 94 

Budd's Ferry 69 

Bull Run, battle of .... 65-67 

news of 72 

Burgess, James M 152 

Burne-Jones, window .... 145 

Cabot 32 

Edward C 193 

Hon. George 52 

J. Elliot 102 

Louis 193 

Cambridge 64 

Cambridge road 12, 13 

Camp Banks 65 

Candage, R. G. F. . .102,117,137 
Candler, Hon. John W. ... 62 

William L 61, 143, 193 

sketch of 62 

marriage 63 

on the Potomac .... 70 

Carpenter, Rev. C. C 139 

Cassier, Louis 104 

Catholics 146 

Center, geographical and social 19 
Chadbourne, William .... 143 

Challenge 64 

Chamberlyn,Edw 189 

Jacob 189 

Chandler, Alfred D. . . . 63, 103 
and annexation . . . 76-82 

Charles L 61 

sketch of 62 

helps capture schooner . 70 
Theophilus P. . . .62,78,129 

Channing, Walter 103 

Chapin house 43 

Chase, Ellen 39 

H. Lincoln .... 86, 103, 136 

Henry S 142, 143 

Sarah L 143 



Chase, Col. W. L 102 

Chase's express 123 

Chauncy Hall school .... 121 
Chesapeake and Shannon . . 52 
Chestnut Hill, geology . . . .165 
Chestnut Hill avenue . . .27,31 

Chestnut street 29 

Choate, Rufus 115 

Christ's church 156 

Chronicle 104 

Church, founders 191 

Church history 130 

Church of Our Saviour ... 144 
Church of the New Jerusalem 149 
Church. See also Meeting- 
house. 

Citizens in 1679 190 

Civil war 59 

men furnished 74 

money spent 75 

men in 193 

Clapp, A. H 198 

Clark family 29 

Clark, Bishop 141 

Amasa 196 

James and Elinor, their 

home 29 

Eunice 192 

Deacon Samuel, built meet- 
ing-house 29 

Misses Sarah and Susan . 29 

Clark house 29 

Clarke, John 189 

Samuel i8g 

Uriah 189 

Classical school 121 

Clay beds 167 

Clements, T. W 196 

Clough, George A 152 

Cobb, Henry Ives 109 

Coborn, John 42 

Codman, Henry S 106 

James M 106 



204 



INDEX. 



Codman, Philip io6 

Coffin, Charles Carleton . . . loi 

Isaac ii6 

Colman, Samuel 104, 117 

Colonial BrookHne 19 

Columbia College 2Q 

Committee of twenty .... 88 

Company A. mustered in . . 61 

captures a schooner . . 70 

Compasses no 

Conglomerate ledges .... 164 
Conklin, Rev. Charles . . . .154 

Conway, Will 67 

Cooke, Edward 190 

Coolidge, David 134 

Mrs. J. R 105 

Corbin, Clement 1S9 

Corey family 30, 136 

Corey, A. W 159 

Elijah 30, 121, 134 

Elijah, Jr 134 

Timothy . . . ,30,53,121,134 

Corey Hill 9, 13, 18 

Cotton, Rev. John 91 

his land 10 

W.C 106 

Cotton estate 26, 27 

Country-house population . . 19 
County, Suffolk, Norfolk . . S5 
Cousens, John E 155 

Oliver 126 

Cox, Wm. E 105 

Craft, Caleb 47 

Ebenezer 31, loS 

Griffin 28 

Craft house, 1709 31 

Crofts, Lieutenant 160 

Crosby, W.0 163 

Cruft, Rev. S. B 156 

Cummings, Emma G 169 

Prentiss 103 

Cushman, Rev. H. E 155 

Cutts, H. M 105 



Cypress street 10 

Daggett, Willard E 196 

Dana house 23 

Daniels, D.H 119 

Davenport 32 

Davis family 12,27,136 

origin 30 

B. B 129 

Ebenezer 27 

his land 27 

Joseph 190 

General P. Stearns .... 27 

Robert S 27, 53, 98, 12S 

Sarah 137 

Hon. Thomas A 27 

Dean, S. W 104 

Dearborn, General 121 

G. F 159 

Debt, in 1S97 89 

Dedham court-house .... 85 

Denny's Hill 173 

Devotion, Edward 189 

his home 27 

bequest to the schools . 28 

Devotion school 28 

Devotion, John 189 

his land 27 

Dewing, Rev. C. S 155 

Diman, Rev. J. L 101,138 

Dimond, Henry C 196 

Dodge, Col. T. A 102 

Dover street 12 

Drew, Charles H 196 

Erozomon 189 

Driscoll, James 148 

Michael 148 

Driver, Rev. Joseph 134 

Druce 31 

John 192 

Drumlins 165 

Dudley, Joseph 17, 20 

Duncan, Christopher . . . .115 



INDEX. 



205 



Duncan, Samuel 190 

Dupee, James A 128 

war committee 60 

Dutton, Samuel T, . 103, 119, 120 
Dwight, Wilder 60 

service and death ... 61 

Edgerly, Miss Martha W. . • 86 
Edward Devotion school • • 28 

Eldredge, W. A i74 

Electric cars 57 

Eliot 17 

the apostle 12 

Charles 106 

Ellery, Harrison 103 

Emerson, Charles 115 

George B 102, 121 

R. W 115 

Enlisting 46, 60 

Episcopalians 141 

Estates 54 

Estes, Dana 103, 196 

Eustis, Mrs. H. L 105 

Farming in 1778 44 

Farnsworth, Frederic T. . 116, 120 

Farrington, Isaac, Jr 126 

Favored 9° 

Fay, Harrison 143 

Fighting and marching ... 68 

Fine-money 47 

Finotti, Rev. J. M 146 

Fire department 160 

First Parish 130 

quit-claim deed to . . . 21 

Fisher, Horace N 194 

Fisher Hill 9, 28 

Fishing tackle no 

FitzGerald, Desmond . . 102, 105 

Flag, rebel 69 

Flanders, R. A 152 

Fleming, John F 87 

Flowers 98 



Flowers, wild 171 

Floyd, Edward E., Jr. ... . 143 

LilaG 143 

Fogerty, Isley M 19S 

Fort, Indian 14 

Fort Erie 53 

Foster, C. H. W 105 

Mrs. CO 105 

Founders of the church . . .191 

Fowler, Charles H 153 

Francis, Ebenezer 121 

Dr. Tappan E. . . 78, 117, 129 

in the civil war 72 

Fuller, Horace W 103 

Gardiner, Andrew 1S9 

C.P 105 

Caleb 189 

Joshua 189 

Thomas 189 

Gardner family 26 

Gardner, Deacon 46 

Abiel 192 

Addington 191 

Caleb 191 

Isaac 26 

his home 27 

Isaac S 52 

John L 78 

Mrs. John L 105 

John L., Sr 128 

Joseph 192 

Mary 192 

Nathaniel, his house ... 42 

Susanna 192 

Colonel Thomas 27 

Thomas 191, 192 

See also Gardiner. 

Gardner hall 128 

Gardner road 10 

Garrison house 29 

Gates, Amos 191 

Simon 190 



206 



INDEX. 



Geddes, James, Jr 103 

Geology 163 

George, Andrew J 103 

Glacial action, results of . 167, 16S 

Gibbs, Emery B 137 

Gifford, Rev. O. P 136 

Gifts to Public Library . . . 12S 

Gill, Joshua 154 

Goddard, Abijah W. ... 52, 12S 

John 25 

Joseph 5^, 191 

Samuel A 102 

Rev. Warren, Jr 149 

\Mlliam 25 

William D 60 

Goddard avenue 25 

Goddard family 25, 26 

Goddard hall 155 

Gore, Mr 17 

Government 88 

Grandy, Robert 189 

Grant, General U. S -jt^ 

Grantees 185 

Grants, number of n 

Grants of land to : 

Rev. John Cotton .... 10 

Robert Hull 10 

Peter Oliver n 

Thomas Scottow n 

Gravel 168 

Green, Joseph F 196 

Green, first village 22 

Greenough, H. V 174 

Gridley, Jeremy 93 

his home 42 

attorney general .... 51 
Griggs family . . . 12, 28, 30, 136 

Griggs, Elizabeth 30 

Helen M 137 

Ichabod 28 

John 190 

Samuel, his home 28 

Thomas 53, 134 



Gross, W. Y 73, 194 

Guild block 61 

Hale, Rev. Harris G 141 

Hales map iS 

Hall, Edward 126 

Elisha, Jr 125, 126 

Joseph W 196 

Martin L 128, 140 

Prescott F 103 

Thomas B 60 

Hall's pond 167, 1S4 

Hand, James B 86 

Hapgood, C. E 196 

Harding, Chester 95 

Harris, Daniel 190 

John 190 

Robert 190 

his home 29 

Timothy 190 

Rev. William 29 

Harrison place 146 

Harvard church 137 

Harvard street ... 10, 26, 2S-30 

Haskell, Eben 126 

Haven, Rev. Gilbert . 150, 151, 153 

Rev. Joseph, Jr 138 

Rev. W. 1 151-154 

Hayward, Rev. T. B 149 

Head, Charles D 129 

on annexation 79 

Heath 32 

Heath, Anne and Susan • • . 54 

Ebenezer 53 

Isaac 189 

Heath street 13 

Hedge, Frederic H. . . . loi, 132 

Henderson, Ernest F 103 

Higginson, Stephen 94 

Col. T. W., in Brookline . 97 
High school, established . . .115 

masters 116 

second building . . . . 117 



INDEX. 



207 



High school.third building 117,118 

High street 149 

Hill, Jeremiah 12S 

Hillard, George S 115 

Hills 166 

Hinkley, Rev. Willard H. . .149 
Hoar, J. Emory . . .116, 119, 127 

Hobbs, Marland C 143 

Hogs-coat S3 

Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co, . no 

Hopkins, C. A 196 

Horton, Rev. William .... 141 

Hose-house 159 

Howe, Col. Frank 74 

H. S 105, 106 

James Murray . . .60, -jt,^ 128 

John 129 

his land-warrant .... 59 

Rev. Reginald H 145 

Reginald H., Jr. ... 103, 173 

Howes, Osborne 103 

Hubbard, Rev, James M. . .156 

John 189 

Hudson, Ebenezer 189 

Hull, John 10 

Robert, his land 10 

Hulton, Henry, account of 41, 42 

his house 50 

Humphrey, W. F 143 

Huntington avenue 12 

cars on 58 

Hutchinson, Chief Justice . . 51 

W. H 104 

Hyslop family 28 

Hyslop, David 28 

his dinner party for 
President Adams . . 29 
William 28 

Indian fort 14 

Indians 91 

Ingersoll, Mrs 129 



Jackson, a loyalist 41 

Rev, Joseph 21,42 

his character 24 

Jameson, Wm, H 12S 

Jennison, John 189 

Johnson, Eastman, portrait of 

Dwight 61 

G. H 162 

Jones, Moses 16^ 

S.S.C 198 

Jordan, E. D 105, 106 

Josselj-n, John, quoted .... 15 

Kellogg, C. W 196 

Kelton, John 1S9 

Thomas 189 

Kendrick 32 

Kendrick, Ebenezer, secedes . 23 
Kennard, Frederick H. . , .174 

Hon, M. P 103 

Kenrick, Alfred, Jr. . . . 161, 162 

Ebenezer 191 

Hannah 192 

Kenrick Brothers • 87 

Kent street 72, 146 

Grant visits on . . . . y^ 
Kibbey. See Kubey. 

King, Captain 43 

King Phihp's war 26 

King & Hodge 87 

Kingman, Bradford . . . 102, 104 
Kitson, Theo Ruggles ... 105 
Knapp, E. R 88 

Rev. F. N 130, 131 

Kubey, Edward 189 

Joshua i8g 

Lafayette in Brookhne . • ■ . S3 

Lamb, Rev. P. F 147 

Lamson, Rev. William . • . . 135 
Landscape architects .... 106 

Lawrence, Amos 145 

Amos A 73,78,145 



208 



INDEX. 



Lawrence, F. W 84 

William 102 

William R 145 

Lectures in Brookline • . . .115 
Lee, Mrs. Eliza B. • . . 15, 95-97 

Henry, his house 25 

Thomas 96 

Leeds, John 123 

Leonard, W. G 154 

Letters 63-70 

Leverett pond 183 

Leyden church 141 

Libraries 123 

Library, Public. See Public 
Library. 

Life in 1763 32 

Lincoln, Abraham, letter from ']■}) 

R. C 194 

William 129 

Literature 91 

Littell, Eliakim 99 

Susan 99, 103 

Long, J. D 125 

LongTvood, name 169 

Longwood avenue S3 

Longwood clay beds 167 

Lorimer, Rev. G. C 103 

Lowell, Augustus 78 

Percival 102 

Loyalists 41 

Lyceum hall 114, 146 

Lyceum movement 114 

L>^ord, Nathaniel 60 

Lyman, Theodore . . 84, 105, 128 

Lyon, L. T 152 

Rev. W. H 133 

Mabie, Rev. H. C 136 

McCormack, John 198 

McDonald, Rev. Wm. 151, 152, 154 

McKay, David H 88 

McKenna, Rev. C. H 147 

Macomber, Henry S 196 



Manassas Junction 65 

Mann, Horace, and Ubrary law 126 

Manufactures no 

Manuscripts 31 

Maple terrace 19 

IMarean. See Morean. 

Marlboro' 41 

Mason, Albert 150, 197 

Hon. Jonathan 52 

Massachusetts fifth regiment 66 

first regiment 61 

tenth battery 71 

Maynard, Waldo 128 

Mealey, E. J., Jr 159 

Meeting-house 44 

dedicated 1806 50 

first 19, 20, 29 

first, demolished 50 

Melaphyre beds 164, 168 

jNIelcher, William K. . . . 60, 129 

Methodists 150 

Michigan, second regiment . 66 

Miles, Rev. H. A 157 

Mill-dam 54 

Ministers, early 21 

Missionaries 137 

Monroe, George H 103 

Moore, George 116 

Mrs. Rachel 152 

Morean, Dorman 1S9 

Morris, Rev. L. J 147 

Morse, Elizabeth 137 

Muddy River 9 

improvement of .... 83 
Muldowney, F. F 162 

Names of early settlers still 

extant 12 

Naomi 96 

Naples road 17, 27 

Navy, men in 195, 197 

Needham 109 

Newbury street 12 



INDEX. 



209 



New Hampshire 19 

New lights 23 

News 104 

Newspapers 103, 104 

Newton 133 

Newton, Rev, W. W. . . 102, 142 

Nichols, William, Jr 129 

Nineteenth century 50 

Norcross, CO 197 

Norfolk, engine 160 

Norfolk County and Brookline 85 

North, S. N. D 102 

Norton, Rev. F. L 145 

O'Beirne, Rev. M 146 

O^Connell, J.J 159 

Olmsted, F. L 103, 106 

and the parkway .... 84 

J.C 106 

Oliver, Peter, his land .... 11 

Orange street 12 

Orcutt, Mears 194 

Wm. D 103 

Ornithology 173 

Otis, James, his great speech . 51 
Oyster beds 83 

Paige, Albert S 159 

Paine, Henry K 197 

Parker, John 1S9 

William 56 

Parkway 84 

Parsons, Thomas . 60, 'jZi 128, 143 
Peabody, Elizabeth P., and 

Lafayette 53 

Peabody and Stearns . ... 148 

Pearl street 14 

Pemberton, James 1S9 

Perkins 32 

Perkins, Colonel T. H. ... 97 
entertains Lafayette . . 53 

Rev. N. M 135 

Stephen H 97 



Perrin place 19 

Perry's lane 142 

Philbrick, Edward S. . . 117, 196 

Samuel 115 

Mrs. Samuel 128 

Philbrick house 59 

Picket duty 70 

Pierce, Abby L 98 

Elizabeth 129 

Rev. John . . 94, 113-115, 121 

123, 130-132 

his term of service ... 21 

his belief 24 

town's minister .... 50 
views on Hannah Adams 51 

his writings 93 

Pierce hall 114, 115 

Pigott, Christo 189 

Plummer, Gordon 179 

Police department 158 

Poor, Agnes B 103 

Henry V 103 

Pope, Albert A 194 

George 194 

Population and polls in 1897 . 89 
Population in 1700, in 1800, in 

1845, in 1895 50 

Postmasters 188 

Post office 198 

Potter, E. T 140 

Rev. Nathaniel 21, 93 

W.W 152 

Potterton, Rev. T. E 154 

Poverty 19 

Powell street 15 

Presbj-terians 155 

Prescott, F. W 129 

Pride, local 89 

Priestley, Dr. Joseph .... 108 

Proctor, E. F 162 

PubUc Library 23, 126 

first donors 129 

statistics 129 



210 



INDEX. 



Public Library — continued. 

list of trustees 199 

manuscripts given to . . 29 

Punch Bowl village 13 

Punishments 113 

Putnam, J. H 129 

Putterham 29 

Quincy, Josiah 94 

Railroad opened 55 

Railroad time-table 56 

Raseford, Michael i8g 

Reagh, A. L 174 

Receipts in 1897 89 

Reid, William T 118 

Religious troubles in 1743 -22,23 

Representative, first 30 

Rhoades, B. H 115,116 

Rice, David Hall loi 

Richardson, H. H 107 

Mrs. H. H loS 

Spencer W 195 

" Rifles " 71 

Ritchie, E. S no 

Riverdale park 84 

Road from Boston 12 

Road to Brighton and Water- 
town 13 

Road to Cambridge 13 

Roads, earliest 13 

Robeson, Andrew . . . .105,197 

Robinson, Deacon 32 

John 52, 123 

W. S 154 

Roblin, Rev. S. H 155 

Roche, James Jeffrey .... 103 

Rogers, Daniel H 128 

George R 195 

Rothwell, James 152, 153 

J.E 152 

Roxbury, farm in 44 

Roxbury Crossing 12 



Roxbury street 12 

Ruggles, Cyrus W. • . . 105, 198 

Runkle, John D 103 

Russell, Mrs. D. W 12S 

Frank A 128 

Sagamore 103 

Saint Laurence chapel .... 149 

Saint Mark's 150 

Saint Mary's 146 

Saint Paul's 141 

Sanall, John 190 

Sanborn, John P 158 

Sanderson, Martha A 137 

Sanford, Daniel S. . . 116, 120, 163 
Sargent, Charles S. . 84, 102, 195 

Ignatius 'jZ 

Schlesinger, Barthold . . 105, 106 

Schley, Winfield S 102 

School, brick, site of 22 

site of first supported by 

the town alone 22 

School-house 19 

ordered, 1686 16 

School street 58 

Schools, history in 

first built by Brookline . .112 

brick 22, 113, 114 

punishments 113 

vacations 116 

statistics in 1896-7 120 

Schooner captured 70 

Schweinfurth, J. A 143 

Scottow, Joshua 92 

Scudder, Frank H 195 

Henry B. . 195 

Seamans, James M 198 

Searle, Lucy 128 

Sears, Rev, Barnas 137 

David 156 

W. B 162,195,197 

Sears chapel 156 

Seaver, Mayor 32 



INDEX. 



211 



Seaver, John 192 

John, Jr., secedes 23 

Richard, secedes 23 

Segar, Henry 189 

Self ridge, Thomas 196 

Sewall, Henry 31 

Chief Justice Samuel ... 10 
his farm BrookHn ... 17 

his farms 83 

Samuel, Jr 92, 191, 192 

town clerk 17 

Samuel, the tory . . . . 31, 43 

Shailer, Hezekiah 115 

Rev.W. H 115,131,135 

Shailer hall named 135 

Sharp family 26 

Sharp, Lieutenant John ... 96 

killed 26 

Robert 48 

farming 44 

his will 32 

William 192 

Shattuck, G. C 174 

Shepard, Nathaniel, secedes - 23 

Sherburne road 13 

Shewell, T. R 150 

Shields, John no 

Shreve, W. P 144, 196 

Shurtleff, Augustine 122 

Carleton A 195 

Dr. S. A 114, 122 

Silver, Rev. Abiel 149 

Simmons, Thomas 137 

Singing society 44 

Sinking fund in 1897 89 

Slave harboring 59 

Small, Abraham C 126 

Smelt brook 17, 18, 83 

Smith, Rev. Matson M. . . . 138 

Smyth, Rev. Julian K 150 

Snow, Miss M. H 129 

Soldiers, difficulty in procur- 
ing 46-4S 



Soldiers suitable for service . 71 
Soule, Charles C. . . 103, 129, 195 

Richard 103, 196 

Spencer, C. A. W 103, 104 

Staigg, Richard M 105 

Stan wood, Edward . . . 102, 105 
Starkweather, Archibald . . 197 

Steadman, Thomas 190 

Stearns 136 

Stearns, Catherine 112 

James P 195 

Marshal 60 

Stebbins, John 190 

Stedman, Hannah 191 

Joshua 191 

Mary 191 

I Sarah 191 

I Thomas 191, 192 

Steese, Edward 105, 197 

Stoddard, George G 129 

Stone, Rev. John S. . 102, 142, 143 

Storrow, Charles 197 

Storrs, Rev. L. K 142 

Rev. R. S., Jr 137 

Story, Abigail 191 

William 191 

Street cars 57, 58 

Sudbury fight, 1676 26 

Sullivan, Richard 121 

Sumner house 43 

Sumner, Governor Increase . 28 

Supplies prepared 72 

Swallow pond 184 

Swan, Francis H 197 

William W 197 

Swedenborgians 149 

Talbot, Col. T. H 103, 197 

Tappan, Lewis 121 

Tavern : The Punch Bowl . 13 

Tax rate in 1897 89 

Taylor, Elisabeth 192 

Isaac 78 



212 



INDEX. 



Taylor, J, B 129 

Thayer 32 

Thayer, Gideon 121 

Isaac 114 

John E 22 

Thomas, Isaac R 105 

Rev. Reuen .... 103, 139, 140 
Thompson, Major William, 

his house entered 43 

Thornton, J. W 129 

Tiffany, Rev. C. C 156 

Tiffany favrile glass 145 

Tomkins, Rev. Elliott D. . . 145 

Topography 83, 166 

Towle, George M 100 

Town hall 19 

early 114 

Towne, William B 129 

WilHam H. ........ 129 

Trafton, Rev. Mark. . 150, 152, 153 

Transcript 104 

Trees 169 

Tremont street 12 

Turner, Fergus B 195 

Twitchell, Hon. Ginery, aids 

the army 72 

entertains Grant .... 73 
Twombly, Rev. J. H. 151, 153, 154 

Underground railway .... 59 

Underhill, Captain 91 

Unitarian church . . 19, 50, 130 

Universalists 154 

Untersee, F. J 87 

Upjohn, Richard 142 

Vacations 116 

Valuation in 1897 89 

Village, The 13 

Village brook 13 

Village lane 123 

Vincent, CM 104 



Vining, E. P 103 

Vinton, F. P 120 

Wadsworth, Captain .... 26 

Wales, George R. 175 

Walnut street 13, 19, 29 

War of 1812 52 

Ward, Rev. Julius H 103 

Ward's pond 167 

Ware, William 102, 121 

Warne, Rev. Joseph A. . . .134 

Warren, J. S 128 

Rev. S. M 149 

Washington 64 

Washington street . . . .14,41 

location 13 

Washington street, Boston . 12 

Waterman, J. T 162 

Watertown 30 

Watertown road i3> 43 

Watson, E. R 154 

Wealth 19 

Webster, Dr 115 

Daniel 97 

Wellman, F. 103,129 

J. H 129 

William A 72, 129 

Wesson, James 48 

at Monmouth court- 
house 41 

Weston 30, no 

West Roxbury 81 

Wharton, Rev. Francis . 102, 142 

White family 12,30 

White, Captain 46 

Benjamin 1 89, 191, 192 

his house 42 

Daniel 48 

Major Edward 31 

Eliza 103 

John 30, 189 

Joseph 31, 189, 191 

Joseph H 105, 106 



INDEX. 



213 



White, Samuel 191 

See also Whjte. 

Whitefield revivals 23 

Whitney, Henry M 58 

Whj-te, Oliver .... 121, 123, 198 
See also White. 

Wild, Dr. Charles 62 

Edward A., war committee 60 

captain 61 

sketch of his life .... 62 

his letters 63 

bravery 68 

captures schooner ... 70 

Wilder, Burt Green 195 

Edward 129 

Williams, F. J 129 

Moses, his home 42 

Moses B 60, 73 

Willis, William 1S9 

Wilson, Henry 129 

W. G 103 

Winchester family . . . . 12, 30 
Winchester, Elhanan, the 

preacher 23 

Frances 192 

John 189,191, 192 



Winchester, John, his home 28, 30 

Isaac 30 

Josiah 191,192 

Sarah 192 

Winchester street 18 

Wines, Rev. CM 139 

Winsor, Alfred 129, 195 

Winslow, Rev. E. D. . . 150,153 

Winthrop, John 91 

Robert C 100 

Withington 32 

Withington, Otis 123 

Wolcott, E. K 18 

Wood, Rev. Nathan E. . . . 136 

Woodland in 1S97 169 

Woods, Amelia A 127 

Miss Harriet F., her book . 27 

sketch of 9S 

Woodward, Thomas 189 

Tryphena 192 

Woolfar, Richard 189 

Worthley, George H 89 

Wright, John S 128 

Zenobia 122 



BP»r 



V 







.-..?.* 


'^; 


■X 


^. 


■*■ 


•"■■ 




* : 




